Biology Ii Test 2

Front 1

What are protists?

Back 1

A hodge-podge Taxonomic group in constant change

Front 2

Do the protists represent a Monophyletic group or are they a Paraphyletic group?

Back 2

Paraphyletic group

Front 3

What does Paraphyletic mean?

Back 3

A single ancestor and some (but not all) of its descendants

Front 4

What are the three levels of the old Taxonomy protists?

Back 4

Plant like Algae,

fungus-like slime molds,

the animal-like Protozoans

Front 5

Are there any protists important to humans?

Back 5

Yes, those that are disease causing and those that help in aiding digestion in animals

Front 6

What are some defining characteristics of Prokaryotes?

Back 6

Small, no membrane bound organelles, no nucleus, first living things

Front 7

What are some defining characteristics of Eukaryotes?

Back 7

Bigger than Prokaryotes,

have membrane bound organelles,

true nucleus,

evolved from Prokaryotes

Front 8

What are common characteristics of protists that are sort of plant like?

Back 8

Algae, most have plastides, most are photosynthetic

Front 9

What are some characteristics of protists that are animal-like?

Back 9

Protozoans- mostly Heterotrophic but some can operate both ways.

Front 10

What are some different categories of Protists that are fungal-like?

Back 10

Slime molds, water molds, and cellular slime molds

Front 11

Are Protist single celled or multicellular?

Back 11

Most are single celled (but not all)

Front 12

Are Protists filamentous or multicellular?

Back 12

They can be both

Front 13

What does Filamentous mean?

Back 13

single cells that form long visible chains, threads, or filaments.

Front 14

What does multicellular mean?

Back 14

composed of several or many cells.

Front 15

What does diploid mean?

Back 15

having two similar complements of chromosomes.

Front 16

What does haploid mean?

Back 16

pertaining to a single set of chromosomes.

Front 17

What is unique about a dinoflagellate?

Back 17

It usually has two flagella, one in a groove around the body and the other extending from its center.

Front 18

What category of protists contain autotrophic, heterotrophic, and organisms that can do both?

Back 18

Euglenoids

Front 19

How many named species are included in the protist category in Taxonomy?

Back 19

Over a hundred thousand (100,000)

Front 20

How are organisms added to the protist category of taxonomy?

Back 20

By exclusion

Front 21

What did water-mold cause to happen in the 1870's in France?

Back 21

Drowny mildew of grapes and lettuce

Front 22

What industry was hurt by the drowny mildew of grapes and lettuce of the 1870's?

Back 22

The French wine industry

Front 23

What water mold caused the Irish potato famine?

Back 23

Potato blight

Front 24

When did the Irish Potato Famine take place?

Back 24

In the 1840's

Front 25

What are two different types of water-molds that cause problems for humans?

Back 25

Cottony mildew on fish and sudden Oak death

Front 26

Which protist group has most of its species with an external and an internal flagellum?

Back 26

Euglenoids

Front 27

Which category of protists has a pellicle?

Back 27

Euglenoids

Front 28

What is a pellicle?

Back 28

a thin skin or membrane

Front 29

What is Fuocoxanthan?

Back 29

A yellowish photosynthetic pigment

Front 30

What category of protist has two flagella(one wrapped around groove and one outside), is responsible for the nasty "red tides", and is Bioluminescent?

Back 30

Dinoflagellates

Front 31

What is the internal flagella, in Euglenoids, used for?

Back 31

Nobody knows

Front 32

What do Euglenoids use their red eye spot for?

Back 32

To orient them to light

Front 33

What fraction of the euglenoid species are photosynthetic and can switch from autotrophic to heterotrophic?

Back 33

About 1/3 of their species

Front 34

Very few Euglenoids are what?

Back 34

Parasitic

Front 35

What does a Euglenoid look like?

Back 35

Elongated cells, two flagella, pellicle of protein strips, and have a red-eye spot

Front 36

What habitat do most, but not all, euglenoids inhabit?

Back 36

Fresh water

Front 37

Half of the dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, what makes up the other half?

Back 37

Predators and parasites

Front 38

Why is the red tide bad?

Back 38

Are blooms which can release Toxinscaneome and can make people get sick or die from eating fish or shellfish during a red tide

Front 39

What are some symbiotic relationships photosynthetic dinoflagellate can have?

Back 39

Living in corals, jellyfish, sea anemone, and giant clams

Front 40

What do dinoflagellates gain by forming symbiotic relationships with hosts?

Back 40

Food and protection from predators

Front 41

Dinoflagellates are also called what?

Back 41

Whirling cells

Front 42

What are two different types of golden algae and Kin?

Back 42

Diatoms and Brown Algae

Front 43

Where are the four characteristics of golden algae?

Back 43

Most are unicellular (but not all), two flagella, can be autotrophic and/or Heterotrophic, most are marine sometimes bloom to cause fish kills, and are typically covered with Fuocoxanthan in addition to chlorophyll A and C

Front 44

Most golden algae is unicellular, what about the rest?

Back 44

The rest of the golden alage is either filaments or colonials

Front 45

Diatoms are particularly unique because of what substance their cell walls are made of?

Back 45

Silica (glass)

Front 46

What are some uses for Diatom carcasses?

Back 46

Toothpaste and natural insecticide

Front 47

What are some common characteristics that are found in the Protist category golden algae?

Back 47

Contains the largest and most complex protist , kelps, Has a two-part Silica cell wall, Fuocoxanthan, mined from deep ancient Marine deposits of silica, and contains the genus Sargassum

Front 48

What are some defining characteristics of the red algae category of protists?

Back 48

They can live in the deepest water of all photosynthesizers, and provides us with agar, carrageenan, and Nori wrappers (for sushi)

Front 49

What are some defining characteristics of the green algae category of protists?

Back 49

Shows the most similarities to plants, Alteration of Generations life cycle, lives in symbiotic relationship with fungi, ranges in size from one micrometer to over one meter,abd has a genus, Chlorella.

Front 50

What is green algae most likely to have given rise to?

Back 50

Probably gave rise to land plants

Front 51

What is being considered as both food and an oxygen producer for future space trips?

Back 51

Genus, Chlorella

Front 52

What biological group lost slime molds and water molds to the protists when the DNA Nazis showed their genetic closeness to protist?

Back 52

Fungus group

Front 53

Why don't more people have "plasmodial slime molds" as pets?

Back 53

They can cause diseases

Front 54

What usually makes up the cell walls of fungi?

Back 54

Contain chitin, glucans and protein

Front 55

What do we call photosynthetic protists that live in water?

Back 55

Algae

Front 56

What are the main groups of algae?

Back 56

Euglenoids, dinoflagellates, golden algae, diatoms, brown algae, red algae, and green algae

Front 57

What is present water molds cell walls that is not present in fungi cell walls?

Back 57

cellulose

Front 58

What three ways do protozoans get from one place to another?

Back 58

by cell extension, flagella, and cilia

Front 59

Where does Trichonympha live?

Back 59

in the intestines of many, if not most, termite species.

Front 60

How does the symbiotic relationship, between Trichomonas and a termite intestinal tract, help the termite?

Back 60

The Trichomonas helps digest the wood

Front 61

If you drink at a lake or a stream you can get hikers diarrhea or Camper's cramps?

Back 61

You can get campers cramps by accidentally swallowing a protozoan cysts in the water

Front 62

What protozoan causes someone to transmit or get vaginitis?

Back 62

Trichomonas Vaginalis

Front 63

What is another name for camper's crampers?

Back 63

Giardia

Front 64

If you can track African sleeping sickness from Tsetse fly or get Chaga's disease from a kissing bug, what protozoan group can you think?

Back 64

Trypanosomes

Front 65

Which protozoan can produce pseudopodia and often live in beautiful shells?

Back 65

Foraminiferans

Front 66

What does the Macronuceleus in a paramecium do?

Back 66

Protein synthesis and metabolism

Front 67

What does the micronucleus in paramecium do?

Back 67

Is used to donate DNA to partner in sex

Front 68

What is apicomplexans?

Back 68

Causes water borne diseases, Cat Scratch Fever, and malaria