Biology Notes V - Cell Reproduction

Front 1

CELL CYCLE

Back 1

Process in which on cell
divides to produce two
identical cells.

Front 2

CELL CYCLE
PHASES

Back 2

G1, G0, S, G2, M

Front 3

CELL CYCLE
PHASE 1
G1 PHASE

Back 3

Cell growth after division.
Synthesizing new RNA
and protein molecules.

Front 4

CELL CYCLE
PHASE 2
G0 PHASE

Back 4

Cells that leave the cycle
and never make it to the
"S" phase. Become specialized
cells (brain cells, heart cells,
adult nerve cells, eurythrocytes)

Front 5

CELL CYCLE
PHASE 3
S PHASE

Back 5

REPLICATION- Exact copying
of the DNA and chromisomes
for each new offspring cell.
Centrioles also replicate
(3 to 6 hrs).

Front 6

CELL CYCLE
PHASE 4
G2 PHASE

Back 6

Advanced growth stage.

Front 7

CELL CYCLE
PHASE 5
M PHASE

Back 7

MITOSIS- Nuclear division.
Produces two identical
Nuclei. (see "mitosis" card)

Front 8

TRIGGER
PROTEIN

Back 8

Specialized protein that
determines how quickly
a cell matures and when
it divides.
Formed in G1
Influenced by hormone
levels
Factor in healing

Front 9

MITOSIS

Back 9

(M phase) Cell division.
One parent cell divides
to create two identical
daughter cells.
(stages- IPMAT)
Chromisome replication
occurs in parent cell.

Front 10

HOMOLOGOUS
PAIR

Back 10

A pair of chromisomes with
similar features.
(one from mom-
one from dad)

Front 11

5 STAGES OF
MITOSIS

Back 11

IPMAT

Front 12

IPMAT 1
INTERPHASE

Back 12

(G1, S, G2) genetic material
in the form of chromatin
(thread-like in the nucleus)

Front 13

IPMAT 2
PROPHASE

Back 13

Nuclear membrane
breaks down
Chromosomes thicken
and become visible
Spindle fibers, astrioles
and centrioles become
visible.

Front 14

IPMAT 3
METAPHASE

Back 14

-Chromosomes line up
at the equator
-centrioles and asters
allign to the poles
-spindle fibers attach

Front 15

IPMAT 4
ANAPHASE

Back 15

-chromosomes
(combined chromatids)
pull apart, and become
chromosomes.
-cell membrane pushes in

Front 16

IPMAT 5
TELOPHASE

Back 16

-reverse of prophase
-cell continues division

Front 17

USES OF
MITOSIS-1

Back 17

growth, development,
repair and replacement

Front 18

USES OF
MITOSIS-2

Back 18

asexual reproduction
in single-celled organisms

Front 19

USES OF
MITOSIS-3

Back 19

occurs in skin and
blood cells, tips of
roots, stems and limbs

Front 20

USES OF
MITOSIS-4

Back 20

Genetic continuity
--same number
and type of chromosomes

Front 21

TYPES OF
REPRODUCTION

Back 21

Asexual
Sexual

Front 22

ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION

Back 22

one cell produces identical
cells by itself
(Mitosis)- Diploid =
Diploid +Diploid

Front 23

SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION

Back 23

Uniting of sexual material
from cells of two parents
to produce an offspring
(Meiosis)- Haploid + Haploid
= Diploid

Front 24

DIPLOID
CELL

Back 24

cell that contains
chromosomes in pairs

Front 25

HAPLOID
CELL

Back 25

cell that contains one
chromosome from each pair

Front 26

MEIOSIS

Back 26

cell division that
produces gametes

Front 27

MEIOSIS PHASE 1
INTERPHASE1

Back 27

chromatin
replication occurs

Front 28

MEIOSIS PHASE 2
PROPHASE1

Back 28

-each chromosome
consists of two chromatids
-Synapsis- homologous
pairs move together to
form a tetrad
(4 chromatids total)
-crossing over- H.P.s
wrap around, break off
and exchange genes.
(genetic variation)

Front 29

STRUCTURE THAT HOLDS
TWO IDENTICAL CHROMATIDS
TOGETHER IN A DIVIDING CELL

Back 29

centromere

Front 30

TWO IDENTICAL
CHROMOSOMES
WITHIN A CELL

Back 30

chromatids

Front 31

THE PROCESS OF
SPERM CELL FORMATION

Back 31

spermatogenesis

Front 32

MALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGAN WHERE SPERM
FORMATION OCCURS

Back 32

testes

Front 33

ORGANELLE THAT AIDS
ANIMAL CELL DIVISION.
NOT FOUND IN PLANT CELLS.

Back 33

centriole

Front 34

THE CORRECT TERM
FOR SPERM CELLS

Back 34

spermatids

Front 35

OCCURS WHEN A
TETRAD IS FORMED
IN MEIOSIS

Back 35

synapse

Front 36

FINAL STAGE OF
CELL DIVISION

Back 36

telophase

Front 37

THE DIVISION PROCESS
IN THE CELL CYCLE ITSELF

Back 37

mitosis

Front 38

A CELL THAT IS
DESCRIBED AS HAVING
A FULL SET OF
CHROMOSOMES

Back 38

haploid

Front 39

WHAT THE TWO
NEW CELLS ARE AT
THE END OF MITOSIS

Back 39

identical

Front 40

THE UNITING OF
BOTH A MALE AND
A FEMALE SEX CELL

Back 40

recombination

Front 41

CELL PHASE NOT
INCLUDED IN MITOSIS
WHERE BOTH DNA AND
CHROMISOME REPLICATION
OCCURS.

Back 41

interphase

Front 42

THE TWO CELLS AT
THE END OF MITOSIS

Back 42

daughter

Front 43

TECHNICAL NAME
FOR A SEX CELL

Back 43

gamete

Front 44

PROCESS IN WHICH
BOTH DNA AND
CHROMOSOMES ARE
COPIED DURING INTERPHASE

Back 44

replication

Front 45

PHASE IN WHICH
CHROMOSOMES ARE
PULLED APART

Back 45

anaphase

Front 46

A GROUP OF SIMILAR
CHROMOSOMES, ONE
IS MATERNAL, THE OTHER
IS PATERNAL

Back 46

homologous pair

Front 47

FEMALE EGG

Back 47

ovum

Front 48

CELL THAT BEGINS
THE CELL CYCLE

Back 48

parent

Front 49

PHASE IN MEIOSIS IN
WHICH GENETIC
VARIATION OCCURS
VIA CROSSING OVER

Back 49

prophase

Front 50

MITOSIS IS A FORM
OF THIS TYPE OF
REPRODUCTION

Back 50

A-sexual

Front 51

THE PROCESS OF
EGG FORMATION
IN FEMALES

Back 51

Oogenesis

Front 52

OVERALL PROCESS IN
WHICH ONE CELL
CREATES TWO CELLS

Back 52

cell cycle

Front 53

DESCRIBING A CELL
THAT CONTAINS ONLY
HALF THE NORMAL
GENETIC MATERIAL
FOR THAT SPECIES

Back 53

haploid.

Front 54

THIN GENETIC MATERIAL
IN THE NUCLEUS OF A
CELL DURING INTERPHASE

Back 54

chromatin

Front 55

PROCESS OF SEX
CELL FORMATION

Back 55

meiosis

Front 56

PHASE OF MITOSIS
IN WHICH CHROMISOMES
MEET AT THE EQUATOR

Back 56

metaphase

Front 57

LONG STRUCTURES
IN THE NUCLEUS
THAT CONTAIN DNA

Back 57

chromosomes

Front 58

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGAN THAT PRODUCES
EGG CELLS

Back 58

ovaries