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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chromosomes
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(seen during cell division) rod-shaped structures made of DNA and protein
2 chromatids joined by a centromere |
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histones
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proteins that help maintain the shape of the chromosome and aid in the tight packing of DNA(eukaryotic cells)
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chromatids
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each rod-shaped half of a chromosome, containing identical genes; form as the DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division
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centromere
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attaching point of 2 chromatids in a chromosome
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chromatin
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less tightly coiled DNA-protein complex, found in between cell divisions
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prokaryotic cell DNA
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one chromosome found attached to the inside of the cell membrane; consists of a circular DNA molecule
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sex chromosomes
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determine the sex of the organism, and may carry genes for other characteristics
(XX, XY) |
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autosomes
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all chromosomes except not the sex chromosomes
(humans44) |
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homologous chromosomes
(homologues) |
2 copies of each autosome (one from each parent)
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karyotype
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photomicrograph of the chromosomes in a normal dividing cell from a human
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diploid
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cells having 2 sets of chromosomes
all human cells, except reproductive cells- sperm and egg cells abreviated as 2n |
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haploid
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cells that contain only one set of chromosomes, sperm and egg cells. contain only one autosomes of each homologous pair and only one sex chromosome
abbreviated as 1n |
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binary fission
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division of prokaryotic cell into two off-spring cells each are identical haploid cells
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Asexual reproduction
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production of offspring from one parent
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mitosis
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cell division that results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell
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Meiosis
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cell division that produces gametes,(haploid, 1n, reproductive cells)
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cell cycle
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2 phase cycle;
1. cell division (mitosis, cytokinesis) 2. interphase (G1-cell growth, S-DNA is copied, G2- growth and preparation for cell division) |
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G0 phase
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cells that have exited the cell cycle, in which they do not copy their DNA and do not prepare for cell division.
ex: mature cells of the central nervous system |
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Name the 5 stages of Mitosis
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1. prophase
2. metaphase 3. anaphase 4. telophase 5. cytokinesis |
