Biology Midterm 1

Front 1

Regarding lipids, which of these terms describes something that is water fearing?

A) Homeostasis
B) Metabolism
C) Hydrophobic
D) Monosaccharides
E) Solvent

Back 1

C) Hydrophobic

Front 2

Sir Karl Popper argued that:

A) falsification was needed to make a rigorous hypothesis
B) an hypothesis was justified if based on inductive logic
C) the truth of an observation was founded in all observations made over all time and space.
D) he was the founder of the modern corn popper, and why wasn’t anyone taking him seriously!
E) Popper had no major importance in modern scientific ideas.

Back 2

A) falsification was needed to make a rigorous hypothesis

Front 3

The simplest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element is a(n) _____?

Back 3

Atom

Front 4

The importance of carbon for the basis of life’s chemical make-up is due to its:

A) ability to share protons with other organisms
B) incomplete valance shell and ability to share electrons with other elements.
C) ability to ignore external physiological influences and share electrons with other organisms
D) desire to work well with others
E) None of the above.

Back 4

B) incomplete valance shell and ability to share electrons with other elements.

Front 5

Theories advance science because _____.

A) they tie together a large number of observations that previously seemed unrelated
B) they explain a great variety of phenomena
C) they have broad explanatory power
D) they are comprehensive in scope
E) all of the above

Back 5

E) all of the above

Front 6

Evolution is biology's core theme that ties together all the other themes. This is because evolution explains:

A) the unity and diversity of life.
B) how organisms become adapted to their environment through the differential reproductive success of varying
individuals.
C) why distantly related organisms sometimes resemble each other.
D) explains why some organisms have traits in common.
E) all of the above

Back 6

E) all of the above

Front 7

The method of scientific inquiry that describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful
observation and the analysis of data is known as:

Back 7

Discovery science

Front 8

Collecting data based on observation is an example of __________; analyzing this data to reach a conclusion is an
example of __________ reasoning.

Back 8

discovery science; inductive

Front 9

What is a hypothesis?

A) the same thing as an unproven theory
B) a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable
C) a verifiable observation sensed directly, or sensed indirectly with the aid of scientific instrumentation
D) a fact based on qualitative data that is testable
E) a fact based on quantitative data that is falsifiable

Back 9

B) a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable

Front 10

Which of these is based on a deduction?

A) My car won't start.
B) My car's battery is dead.
C) My car is out of gas.
D) I lost my car key.
E) If I turn the key in the ignition while stepping on the gas pedal, then my car will start.

Back 10

E) If I turn the key in the ignition while stepping on the gas pedal, then my car will start.

Front 11

When applying the process of science, which of these is tested?

A) a question
B) a result
C) an observation
D) a prediction

Back 11

D) a prediction

Front 12

Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?

A) Theories are hypotheses that have been proved.
B) Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers.
C) Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.
D) Hypotheses and theories are essentially the same thing.
E) Theories are proved true in all cases; hypotheses are usually falsified by tests

Back 12

C) Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power.

Front 13

In their laboratory simulations of the early Earth, Miller and Urey observed the abiotic synthesis of:

A) amino acids.
B) complex organic polymers.
C) DNA.
D) liposomes.
E) genetic systems

Back 13

A) amino acids.

Front 14

An early consequence of the release of oxygen gas by plant and bacterial photosynthesis was to:

A) cause iron in ocean water and terrestrial rocks to rust (oxidize).
B) change the atmosphere from oxidizing to reducing.
C) prevent the formation of an ozone layer.
D) make it easier to maintain reduced molecules.
E) make life on land difficult for aerobic organisms.

Back 14

A) cause iron in ocean water and terrestrial rocks to rust (oxidize).

Front 15

Which of the following statements provides the strongest evidence that prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes?

A) the primitive structure of plants
B) meteorites that have struck Earth
C) abiotic laboratory experiments that produced liposomes
D) liposomes closely resemble prokaryotic cells.
E) The oldest fossilized cells resemble prokaryotes.

Back 15

E) The oldest fossilized cells resemble prokaryotes.

Front 16

Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA?

A) DNA has thymine, whereas RNA has uracil.
B) DNA usually has two polynucleotide strands, whereas RNA usually has one strand.
C) DNA has deoxyribose sugar, whereas RNA has ribose sugar.
D) DNA is a polymer, whereas RNA is a monomer.
E) In DNA, A pairs with T, whereas in RNA, A pairs with U.

Back 16

D) DNA is a polymer, whereas RNA is a monomer.

Front 17

DNA carries genetic information in its

A) helical form.
B) sequence of bases.
C) tertiary sequence.
D) sequence of amino acids.
E) phosphate groups.

Back 17

B) sequence of bases.

Front 18

The lowest level of biological organization that can perform all the activities required for life is the

Back 18

cell–for example, a skin cell.

Front 19

What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

Back 19

A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.

Front 20

The DNA of prokaryotic cells is found in the

Back 20

nucleoid region.

Front 21

A specialized structure found in some prokaryotes is the

Back 21

pilli.

Front 22

Some bacteria are able to propel themselves through liquid by means of a structure called the

Back 22

flagellum.

Front 23

Prokaryotic cells generally are smaller than eukaryotic cells because

A) prokaryotes have more diverse energy sources.
B) prokaryotes have a capsule that limits cell growth.
C) the rigid cell wall of prokaryotes limits cell size.
D) prokaryotes lack the genetic material needed for protein synthesis.
E) only eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.

Back 23

E) only eukaryotes have compartmentalization, which allows for specialization.

Front 24

Biological membranes in a eukaryotic cell

A) separate the cell from its environment.
B) regulate what goes into and out of the cell.
C) help maintain a constant internal environment.
D) communicate with adjacent cells.
E) All of the above

Back 24

E) All of the above

Front 25

The role of organelles is to

A) provide structural support for the cell.
B) decrease the flow of materials into and out of the cell.
C) increase the efficiency of cellular activities.
D) provide a means of cellular reproduction.
E) regulate the flow of traffic inside the cell

Back 25

C) increase the efficiency of cellular activities.

Front 26

One difference between plant and animal cells is that

A) only animal cells have mitochondria.
B) only animal cells do not contain centrioles.
C) plant cells have a cell wall, whereas animal cells have a plasma membrane.
D) plant cells lack a cytoskeleton.
E) only plant cells have peroxisomes.

Back 26

C) plant cells have a cell wall, whereas animal cells have a plasma membrane.

Front 27

The rough ER is the portion of the ER that

Back 27

has ribosomes attached to it

Front 28

The overall shape of a cell is determined by its

Back 28

cytoskeleton.

Front 29

Some organelles in eukaryotic cells are thought to have

A) originated from extracellular symbiotic relationships.
B) their own endoplasmic reticulum.
C) their own mitochondria.
D) originated from endosymbiotic relationships.
E) the ability to live free from the host cell.

Back 29

D) originated from endosymbiotic relationships.

Front 30

Osmosis moves water from a region of _______ to a region of _______.

A) high concentration of dissolved material; low concentration of dissolved material
B) low concentration of dissolved material; high concentration of dissolved material
C) hypertonic solution; hypotonic solution
D) negative osmotic potential; positive osmotic potential
E) low concentration of water; high concentration of water

Back 30

B) low concentration of dissolved material; high concentration of dissolved material

Front 31

A green plant can carry out photosynthesis if given nothing more than:

A) water, light, and air
B) air.
C) water.
D) light.
E) water and light.

Back 31

A) water, light, and air

Front 32

Energy used in cellular respiration can originate from:

A) Carbohydrates only
B) Proteins only
C) Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
D) Fats only
E) Carbohydrates and proteins only

Back 32

C) Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

Front 33

Which by-product of photosynthesis was important in altering the atmosphere of the earth so that aerobic organisms could evolve?

A) Air
B) Oxygen
C) Methane gas
D) Carbon Dioxide
E) Nitrogen

Back 33

B) Oxygen

Front 34

Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis?

A) Glucose
B) Oxygen
C) Sugars
D) Carbon Dioxide
E) None of the above; all are products of photosynthesis

Back 34

D) Carbon Dioxide

Front 35

Cellular respiration is the process by which:

A) oxygen is produced during metabolic activity.
B) light energy is converted into kinetic energy.
C) oxygen is used to transport chemical energy throughout the body.
D) energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules is captured by an organism.
E) ATP molecules are converted into water and sugar.

Back 35

D) energy from the chemical bonds of food molecules is captured by an organism.

Front 36

Osmosis is _________ specialized than diffusion because it involves _________.

A) more; bases
B) less; all liquids
C) less; acids
D) more; water
E) more; acids

Back 36

D) more; water

Front 37

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which _______________ converts to ATP, the "fuel" used by all living things.

A) eutrophication
B) denaturation
C) cellular respiration
D) speciation
E) adaptation

Back 37

C) cellular respiration

Front 38

Life gains most of its energy from:

Back 38

sunlight

Front 39

Which of the following is a cellular characteristic of ALL eukaryotes?

A) few to no organelles in the cytoplasm
B) few to no proteins associated with the DNA
C) a cell wall
D) a nuclear membrane
E) a nucleoid

Back 39

D) a nuclear membrane

Front 40

Prokaryotic organisms lack:

A) replicator molecules (DNA or RNA).
B) cell membranes.
C) metabolism.
D) organelles.
E) All of the above.

Back 40

D) organelles.

Front 41

Potential energy:

A) is kinetic energy that has not yet been turned to heat.
B) transfers motion to matter.
C) is contained in matter placed in certain positions or arrangements.
D) is stored energy unavailable to do work.
E) contains less energy than kinetic energy.

Back 41

C) is contained in matter placed in certain positions or arrangements.

Front 42

Which of the following is NOT a form of kinetic energy?

A) a ball rolling down a hill
B) a chameleon tongue catching a bug
C) a covalent bond linking phosphate molecules
D) a pitcher throwing a baseball
E) flowing water turning a turbine

Back 42

C) a covalent bond linking phosphate molecules

Front 43

Every time a source of energy is converted from one form to another:

A) the total amount of energy in the universe is reduced by a tiny amount.
B) some of the energy is converted to heat, which is one of the least usable forms of kinetic energy.
C) the total energy of the system increases.
D) the entropy in the system is reduced.
E) the first law of thermodynamics is violated.

Back 43

B) some of the energy is converted to heat, which is one of the least usable forms of kinetic energy.

Front 44

Which one of the following statements best represents the relationship between respiration and photosynthesis?

A) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it.
B) Respiration occurs only in animals and photosynthesis occurs only in plants.
C) Photosynthesis occurs only in the day and respiration occurs only at night.
D) Respiration stores energy in complex organic molecules, while photosynthesis releases it.
E) Photosynthesis reverses the biochemical pathways of respiration.

Back 44

A) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it.

Front 45

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is constant; it can ____________________, but not _______________.

Back 45

be transferred and transformed; created or destroyed