Biology Exam 2 Pt. 2

Front 1

Organisms are classified based on

Back 1

the kind of energy they use.

Front 2

Autotrophs

Back 2

Use the energy from sunlight to make organic molecules (sugar)

Use the energy in the organic molecules to make ATP

Front 3

Heterotrophs

Back 3

Obtain organic molecules by eating the autotrophs

Use the energy in the organic molecules to make ATP

Front 4

All organisms use cellular respiration to

Back 4

harvest the energy from organic molecules and use it to make ATP

Front 5

How is ATP made?

Back 5

Oxygen is used to oxidize glucose

Glucose is oxidized to form carbon dioxide.

Oxygen is reduced to form water.

Front 6

Glycolsis

Back 6

The breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid

Two ATP molecules are used to energize glucose.

As glucose is metabolized, enough energy is released to

Front 7

How many ATPs are made and used during Glycolsis? What is the net amount?

Back 7

4 ATP made - 2 ATP used

= net production of 2 ATP

Front 8

Kreb's cycle

Back 8

The breakdown of pyruvic acid

Released as carbon dioxide

Front 9

Enough energy is released as one pyruvic acid molecule is metabolized to

Back 9

Make 1 ATP

Reduce 4 NAD+ to form 4 NADH

Reduce 1 FAD to form 1 FADH2.

Front 10

Where does the Kreb's cycle occur?

Back 10

the mitochondrial matrix

Front 11

__________ is the final electron acceptor at the end of the ETC.

__________ accepts the electrons, combines with protons, and becomes water.

Back 11

Oxygen

Front 12

Total yield of glycolsis

Back 12

2 ATP

2 NADH (converted to 2 FADH2)

Front 13

Total yield of the Kreb's cycle

Back 13

2 ATP

8 NADH

2 FADH2

Front 14

Aerobic Respiration
in Prokaryotes

Back 14

Very similar to aerobic respiration in eukaryotes

Since prokaryotes have no mitochondria, it all occurs in the cytoplasm.

Makes 2 more ATP because the NADH from glycolysis isn’t converted to FADH2

Front 15

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

Back 15

Metabolizing glucose in the absence of oxygen

Some organisms can metabolize glucose in the absence of oxygen.

Involves the incomplete oxidation of glucose

Front 16

Fermentation

Back 16

an anaerobic pathway that uses an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.

Front 17

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used for

Back 17

energy

Front 18

Glycolysis and the Kreb’s cycle allow carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to be _______

Back 18

interchanged

Front 19

If more calories are consumed than used

Back 19

The remainder will be converted to and stored as fat.