Biology - Second Semester

Front 1

Define vertebrate.

Back 1

An animal with a backbone. It is part of phylum chordate.

Front 2

What are placoid scales.

Back 2

Hard scales on the skin of sharks and rays. They feel like tiny teeth.

Front 3

What is a swim bladder?

Back 3

Organ that fish have to control boyancy in water.

Front 4

Do humans have swim bladders?

Back 4

No.

Front 5

What is a lateral line?

Back 5

a visible line along the side of a fish consisting of a series of sense organs that detect pressure and vibration.

Front 6

What is pulmonary circulation?

Back 6

Loop of circulation tanking deoxygenated blood from the organs to get oxygenated.

Front 7

What is systemic circulation?

Back 7

Loop of circulation taking blood to the organs through the lungs.

Front 8

Are bird warm or cold blooded?

Back 8

Warm blooded

Front 9

The life universe and everthing

Back 9

42

Front 10

What animal has the highest metabolic rate of any vertebrate?

Back 10

The hummingbird

Front 11

Where is air stored in the bird?

Back 11

The "Sacs"

Front 12

True or false

Birds always have oxygenated blood in their lungs even when they are exhaling

Back 12

True.

Front 13

Why are birds able to have oxygenated blood in their lungs even when exhaling?

Back 13

The "sacs".

Front 14

There are many similarities between birds and _________.

Back 14

dinosaurs.

Front 15

List three simularities between birds and dinosaurs.

Back 15

S-shaped neck

Unique ankle joint

Hollow bones

Front 16

Birds are believed to have evolved during the the _________ period _______ years ago

Back 16

Juristic

500 million

Front 17

What is the name of the oldest known bird fossil?

Back 17

Archaeopteyx.

Front 18

Does the archaeopteyx have feathers?

Back 18

Yes.

Front 19

What dinosaur traits does the archeopteyx have?

Back 19

Teeth

claws

long bony tail

Front 20

Was the Archaeopteryx small?

Back 20

Yes.

Front 21

What is the first of the 7 characteristics of all birds?

Back 21

Feathers

Front 22

What is the second of the 7 characteristics of all birds?

Back 22

Wings

Front 23

What is the third of all characteristics of all birds?

Back 23

Lightweight rigid skeleton (Hallow bones)

Front 24

What is the fourth of the 7 characteristics of all birds?

Back 24

Endothermic metabolism

Front 25

What is the 5th of the 7 characteristics of all birds?

Back 25

Unique respiratory system

Front 26

What is the 6th of the 7 characteristics of all birds?

Back 26

Beaks

Front 27

What is the 7th of the 7 characteristics of all birds?

Back 27

Oviparity

Front 28

What is oviparity?

Back 28

Oviparous animals are animals that lay eggs.

Front 29

What are feathers made of?

Back 29

Keratin.

Front 30

List the three different types of feathers.

Back 30

1. Down feathers

2. Contour feathers

3. Flight feathers

Front 31

Describe down feathers. What do they do for the bird?

Back 31

Down feathers are soft and fluffy. Baby chicks have these. All birds have them, but they are viable on chicks because they have not grown the other feathers yet. Down feathers provide warmth for the bird.

Front 32

Describe contour feathers. What do they do?

Back 32

They provide color and shape for the bird.

Front 33

Where are flight feathers on the bird? What do they do for the bird?

Back 33

Flight feathers are on the wings and tail. Flight feathers help the bird fly.

Front 34

Define "preen"

Back 34

verb

To sharpen or clean feathers with beak.

Front 35

Why do birds preen their feathers?

Back 35

To waterproof their feathers form the rain.

They do this by spreading oil from the preen gland located at the base of their tail.

To realign barbs and barbules.

This action gets rid of splits in the feather.

Front 36

True of false:

Birds have hollow bones.

Back 36

True. You should know this.

Front 37

True of false:

Many of the birds bones are fused together.

Back 37

True

Front 38

Why are many of the birds bones fused together?

Back 38

To resist the forces produced by strong flight muscles.

Front 39

How many chambers does the mammal heart have?

Back 39

Four.

Front 40

Birds have a large ______ sternum where ______________ attach.

Back 40

keeled; flight muscles

Front 41

What is the purpose of the preen gland?

Back 41

To produce an oily substance used to condition the feathers.

Front 42

True or false:

Mammals are exothermic

Back 42

False

Front 43

True or false:

The mammal heart is divided.

Back 43

True.

Front 44

What is the first of the six characteristics that apply to all mammals?

Back 44

Endothermic

Front 45

What is the second of the six characteristics that apply to all mammals?

Back 45

All mammals have hair.

Front 46

What is the third of the six characteristics that apply to all mammals?

Back 46

4 chambered completely divided heart.

Front 47

What is the fourth of the six characteristics that apply to all mammals?

Back 47

Mammary glands

Front 48

What is the 4th of the six characteristics that apply to all mammals?

Back 48

Mammary glands

Front 49

What is the 5th of the five characteristics that apply to all mammals?

Back 49

Single jawbones

Front 50

what is the 6th of the six characteristics that apply to all mammals?

Back 50

Specialized teeth.

Front 51

What are the thee main groups of mammals?

Back 51

Monotremes

Marsupials

Placental mammals

Front 52

What is the defining characteristic of monotremes?

Back 52

Oviparous

Front 53

What is the defining characteristic of marsupials?

Back 53

Viporous - short development period in mother, further development in pouch

Front 54

What is the defining characteristic of placental mammals?

Back 54

Viperous, longer development period in mother

Front 55

What are the benefits of endothermy?

Back 55

-Heat generated internally by breaking down food.

-Rapid metabolism.

-fat layers and isolation.

Front 56

What are the disadvantages of endothermy?

Back 56

-requires oxygen and much more food.

Front 57

How many chambers does the mammal heart have?

Back 57

4

Front 58

How many atria does the mammal heart have?

Back 58

2

Front 59

How many ventricles does the mammal heart have?

Back 59

2

Front 60

True of false:

One of the biggest disadvantages of the mammal heart is that oxygenated and deoxygenated blood constantly mix.

Back 60

FALSE! DEFIANTLY FALSE!

Front 61

True or false:

More efficient hearts support higher oxygen demand

Back 61

True.

Front 62

What are the two functions of amphibian skin?

Back 62

-Respiration

-Protection

Front 63

Amphibian skin contains _____ glands and ______ glands.

Back 63

Mucus; poison

Front 64

Cutaneous respiration involves the ____ while pulmonary respiration involves the _____.

Back 64

skin; lungs

Front 65

Amphibain skeletons must be strong enough to combat the force of ______.

Back 65

Gravity.

Front 66

True of false:

Vertebrae of the amphibain spine are fused.

Back 66

True.

Front 67

The amphibian heart has ___ chambers and ___ loops

Back 67

3; 2

Front 68

What happens during pulmonary circulation?

Back 68

Deoxinagated blood is pumped to the lungs to get oxygen.

Front 69

What happens during systemic circulation?

Back 69

Newly oxygenated blood returns to the heart where it is pumped through the body.

Front 70

Fish evolved from ________

Back 70

chordates

Front 71

Amphibians evolved from ____________

Back 71

lobe-finned fish

Front 72

Respiration:

Fish only have _____ while amphibians have _____, _____ & ____.

Back 72

Gills; gills; lungs; skin

Front 73

The fish heart has ___ chambers, while the amphibian heart has ___ chambers.

Back 73

2; 3

Front 74

Fertilization in the fish is ________ while fertilization in amphibians is also ________

Back 74

external; external

Front 75

Amphibians evolved ___ MYA from lobe-finned fish.

Back 75

360

Front 76

List the three similarities between amphibians and lobe-finned fish.

Back 76

- Skulls and vertebral colums

- fin/limb bones

- lungs

Front 77

Amphibians have ______ feet

Back 77

webbed

Front 78

Amphibians have eyes on the ___ of their head

Back 78

top

Front 79

What does the lateral line do?

Back 79

It senses vibrations underwater

Front 80

What is the first of the 5 characteristics of amphibians?

Back 80

Undergo metamorphosis

Front 81

What is the second of the five characteristics of amphibians?

Back 81

Moist thick skin

Front 82

What is the third of the 5 characteristics of amphibians?

Back 82

webbed feet with no claws

Front 83

What is the fourth of the fives characteristics of amphibians?

Back 83

uses gills skin and lungs for respiration.

Front 84

What is the 5th of the 5 characteristics of all amphibians?

Back 84

eggs lack shells.

Front 85

What are the three orders of amphibians?

Back 85

Anura, Gymnophiona, and Caudta

Front 86

The order Anura includes _____ and _____

Back 86

frogs; toads

Front 87

Frogs have ______ _____ skin, while toads have _____ ______

Back 87

smooth; moist; rough; bumpy

Front 88

Describe amphibians in the order Gymnophiona.

Back 88

legless and blind. Look like small snakes.

Front 89

Describe the order Caudata.

Back 89

Amphibians with tails. Includes salamanders.