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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The largest diameter of most cells is.... |
100 (pu)m |
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If a cell has a high SA:V ratio it can more effectively.... (3) |
- transport oxygen and food in the cell - transport waste and carbon dioxide out if the cell - communicate within cells |
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When a cell gets too large what does it do? (2) |
Divides or stop growing |
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What can cellular reproduction help accomplish within cells? |
- prevents cell from becoming too large - allows organisms to grow from a single cell - allows you to heal from certain injuries |
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What are the stages and substages of the cell cycle in order |
Interphase - G1 ; S ; G2 Mitosis - prophase ; metaphase ; anaphase ; telephase Cytokenesis |
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Why aren't chromosomes normally visible during Interphase? |
It's in relaxed form |
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What are the main functions of the cell during Interphase? |
Cell grows Matures Duplicates DNA Prepares for division |
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The cell that begins mitosis is the... |
Parent cell |
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The cells that are present at the end of mitosis are called... |
Daughter cells |
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Daughter cells relate to eachother because they're.... |
Identical |
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The longest stage of mitosis is.... |
Prophase |
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Why are chromosomes visible during prophase |
Chromatins condense |
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What is the structure of a chromosome during prophase? |
Shaped like X's Each half of the X is identical also called sister chromotids Centromere attaches the sister chromotids Spindle Fibers attach to each sister chromatid |
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Why is it necessary to for the nucleus to disappear during prophase |
For chromosomes to take place and duplicate |
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The shortest phase of mitosis is... |
Metaphase |
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What occurs during metaphase |
- spindle apparatus lines sister chromotids alone the equator of the cell - ensures that daughter cells each have accurate copies of chromosomes |
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What occurs during anaphase? |
- chromosomes pulled apart - Spindle apparatus pulls on centromeres, sister chromotids are separated into two identical chromosomes |
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What is the purpose of cytokenesis |
Divide cytoplasm |
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Describe how cytokenesis occurs differently in plants than in animals |
Plant cell - cell plate to divide Animal cell - pinch cytoplasm |
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What is a trait |
Inherited characteristics |
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The segments of DNA that encodes for a trait is a.... |
Gene |
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What does a gene make, allowing it to control traits within different organisms |
Proteins |
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What is a homologous pair of chromosomes |
1 from dad 1 from mom |
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What is a gamete? How do genders produce these |
Sex cell Males - sperm Females - egg cell |
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What is crossing over and when does it occur? |
Chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes |
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How does crossing over increase the genetic variation within a population |
50-50 of parents |
