Biology 100 Chapter 9 Cell Division And Mitosis

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orderly series of stages that a cell goes through from the time that it originates from its parent cell until the time that it produces its own daughter cells.

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cell cycle

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There are four stages in the typical cell cycle. The first three stages are collectively called ...

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Interphase

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In the typical cell cycle, G1 stands for?

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The First Gap stage

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In the typical cell cycle, S stands for?

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The Synthesis stage

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This stage (in the typical cell cycle) is characterized by the replication of the DNA molecules in the nucleus of the cell.

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S

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This stage (in the typical cell cycle) begins just after the cell has been produced from its parent cell. It is usually characterized by an increase in cell size

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G1

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In the typical cell cycle, G2 stands for?

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The Second Gap stage

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This (in the typical cell cycle) stage is characterized by the production of the proteins that will be necessary for the division of the cell.

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G2

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This stage is characterized by the actual separation of the duplicated chromosomes so that each daughter cell will have a complete set of chromosomes. Mitosis itself consists of four phases (name stages)

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1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

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This phase of mitosis is characterized by having the chromosomes splitting apart so that each sister chromatid moves to opposite poles of the cell.

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Anaphase

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This phase of mitosis starts as the DNA strands in the nucleus begin to condense and become visible in the nuclear area of the cell.

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Prophase

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This phase of mitosis is characterized by having the fully condensed chromosomes move to the center of the cell. At this phase it is apparent that each chromosome consists of two strands of DNA held together at the region called the centromere.

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Metaphase

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This phase of mitosis is characterized by having the chromosomes in each daughter nuclear region uncoil so that the individual chromosomes are no longer distinguishable. Nuclear membranes reappear around each daughter nucleus.

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Telophase

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After these four stages of the cell cycle the cell goes through a physical division of the cytoplasm. This is called?

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cytokinesis

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cytokinesis

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The physical division of the cell + cytoplasm

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At the G1 checkpoint, what protein must be present?

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S-cyclin

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At the G2 checkpoint, what protein must be present?

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M-cyclin

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During the normal functioning of the cell cycle mitosis proceeds if the chromosomes are going to be distributed accurately to the daughter cells. In the event that this chromosome distribution will not proceed normally, the cell cycle will be stopped prior to mitosis. What checkpoint is this?

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The M Checkpoint

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Apoptosis

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programmed cell death due to abnormalities or or cell damage

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Cancer is a disruption in the normal cell cycle, such that the controls that regulate the normal reproduction of cells are modified, resulting in an accelerated growth pattern. The process of the onset of cancer is called?

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carcinogenesis

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... is when cancer cells invade surrounding tissue, or when cancer cells are transported in the blood or lymph and subsequently form tumors in other body locations.

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Metastasis

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A cancer that has metastasized is said to be ...

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malignant

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... is the formation of new blood vessels in newly-formed tissue.

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Angiogenesis

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Specialized reproductive cells, such as sperm and egg cells, are called

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Gametes

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This stage is characterized by the replication of the DNA molecules in the nucleus of the cell.

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s

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This stage is usually characterized by an increase in cell size, often due to the manufacturing of new cell organelles and an increase in the volume of the cytoplasm and vacuoles.

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g1

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Which phase of mitosis is characterized by having the fully condensed chromosomes move to the center of the cell?

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Metaphase

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Which phase of mitosis is characterized by having the chromosomes forming supercoils and the plasma membrane dissolving?

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Prophase

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Before mitosis each chromosome consists of two strands of DNA, each of which is called a

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Sister chromatid

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What process is described here? "Cell wall material and plasma membranes are produced in the middle of the cell. Eventually this growing cell wall and plasma membrane material reaches the perimeter of the cell and fuses with it.

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Cytokinesis in plants

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What is another term for programmed cell death?

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1. Apoptosis

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Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?

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They are undifferentiated.

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The formation of new blood vessels in newly-formed tissue is called

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Angiogenesis

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Cancer can spread in the body by what two mechanisms?

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lymphatic system and circulatory system