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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2nd Law of Thermodynamics
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when energy changes from one form into another, the energy available to do work decreases
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reversible inhibitors
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Competitive inhibitors
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What kind of process is ADP --> ATP
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endergonic reaction
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enzymes
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lower the activation energy
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why do cells allow for multipal step transformations
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1.) capture small amounts of energy
2.) generate useful intermediate products |
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denatured enzyme
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lost shape and activity
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steric inhibitor
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block an enzymes actie site and keep the enzyme from working
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free energy
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energy available to do work
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rates of reactions depend on:
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1.) temperature
2.) enzyme consentration 3.) substrate consentration 4.) pH |
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change in free energy is negative
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reation is spontanious
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nucleosome
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DNA histone complex
146 necleotides 8 histone proteins |
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chromatids seperate during
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anaphase
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synthasis of DNA occurs
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S- phase of inerphase
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first cultured cells
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HeLa Cells
from Henrietta Lacks |
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contact inhibition
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causes celll division to stop when cells run out of free space on whic to spread
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cytokinesis
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the division of the cytoplasm and formation of two seperate plasma membranes
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nuclear membrane disappears
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prophase
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nuclear membrane reappears
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telophase
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the groove tha tdivides animal cells during telophase
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cleavage furrow
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limits the number of times a normal cell can divide
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call senscence
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atomism
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Boltzmann- matter is composed of attoms
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positivism
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the only bases for true knowledge is what is observable
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1st law of thermodynamics
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energy can not be created or destroyed
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kinetics
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the study of the rates of reactions
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work
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movement of an object against a force
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potential energy
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stored energy
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kinetic energy
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energy in motion
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heat
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unusuable energy
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calorie
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1g water increased 1 degree C
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Calorie
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1000 calories= 1kcal
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exergonic reaction
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change in G is negative
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endergonic
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change in G is positive
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spontanious reaction
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exergonic
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anabolism
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endergonic
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catabolism
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exergonic
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Vmax
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maximum rate of a reaction with a given amount of enzyme
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Km
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the amount of substrate needed to reach half Vmax
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steric inhibitor
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competitive
reversible |
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allosteric inhibitor
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noncompetitive
poisining- nonreversible end product- reversible |
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gametes
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sperm and egg
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diploid
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testes, overies, zygote, embryos, fetus, child, adult
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stomatic cells
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zygote, embryo, fetus, child, adult
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haploid
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sperm, egg
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Flemming
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first to describe behavior of chromosome
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Weismann
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importance of nucleus
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homolog
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one chromosome either from mother (maternal) or father (paternal) simular
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sister chromatids
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identical halves of a chromosome
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binarr fission
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prokaryote division
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centriol
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spindle fibers and aster rays form from
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centromere
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hold siter chromatids together
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cell plate
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plant cells
form inner-->out |
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holds histone proteins to nucleotides
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electrostatic charge
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contractile ring
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creates cleavage furrows
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telomeres
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limits he amount of times chromosomes can replicate
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synchronous cell
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cells in the same stage of mitosis
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cylins
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proteins whose consentration rises and falss with the cycles of mitosis
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protiosomes
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digest cylin protein to cause levels to decrease to change levels of mitosis
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kinetichore
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strech of spindle fiber
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