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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three parts of the Cell Theory?
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-All living things are made up of one or more cells
-Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things -All cells come only from other living cells |
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What scientist gave us the word "cell"?
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Robert Hooke. Latin for "little rooms"
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What is a superoptical microscope?
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A microscope that uses light conducted through optical fibers in a tube. Used to view living cells because they do not destroy cells like TEM
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Name three differences between animal and plants at the cellular level.
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-ability to grow
-ability to reproduce -ability to use energy |
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What is a cell?
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A cell is like a small city or town. The different parts have different jobs and each part helps the cell carry out its life processes.
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What is a cell membrane?
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A cell membrane is a thin structure that surrounds both plant and animal cells. It is made up of mostly proteins and lipids.
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What are the functions of the cell membrane?
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1. Protect th inside of the cell by separating it from its surroundings.
2. Support the cell and give it shape. 3. Control what enters and leaves the cell. Maintains a stable internel environment even though outside conditions change(hemeostatis) |
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What is a cell wall?
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ONLY found in plants, it is the stiff structure outside the cell membrane.
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What is the function of the cell wall?
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Provide support and protection for the cell, allowing the plant to grow upright.
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What is the nucleus?
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The control center for most of the cells activities. Nucleic acids are stored in the necleus. Round or oval, near center of cell, dark.
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What are the functions of the nucleus?
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1. controls cell activities
2. controls cell reproduction |
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What is DNA?
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Dna is the chemical code that forms the instructions in the nucleic acids that tell other parts of the cell how to perform functions.
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What is the nuclear membrane?
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The nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus separating it from the rest of the cell.
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What is the function of the nuclear membrane?
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The nuclear membrane controls the the substances that enter and leave the nucleus.
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What is cytoplasm?
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Cytoplasm is all the living material in the cell except the nucleus. It is jellylike and 80% water. The nucleus and organelles float in the cytoplasm.
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What is the function of the cytoplasm?
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1. Most of ther cells processes take place in the cytoplasm.
2. Most of materials needed for growth are in cytoplasm. 3. Expels waste through cell membrane. |
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What is an organelle?
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The organelles in the cell are like the different serives provided in a town. Each organelle has a special job and together they keep the cell functioning properly. There are seven types.
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What are the seven types of organelles?
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1. mitochondria
2. ribosomes 3. endoplasmic reticulum 4. Gogli Bodies 5. lysosomes 6. vacuoles 7. chloroplasts |
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What are the mitochondria?
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The mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell. They have an outer membrane and a folded inner membrane.
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What are the functions of the mitochondria?
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1. release the energy stored in food to be used by the cell in life processes.
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What are ribosomes?
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The ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell.
Tiny, round dark organelles either attached to ER or floating in cytoplasm. |
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What is the function of ribosomes?
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ribosomes assemble proteins which the cell uses for growth, repair and control.
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What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
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The ER is the highway of the cell. The membranes fold into a network of tubes and cananls that run throughout the cytoplasm.
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What is the function of the ER?
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The ER transports materials throughout the cell.
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What are the Gogli Bodies?
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Gogli Bodies are flattened stacks of sacs in BOTH pplant and animal cells that the center of manufacturing and shipping for the cell.
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What si the function of the Gogli Bodies?
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Materials transported by the ER stop at the Gogli Bodies first where they are altered or dtored before moving to other parts of the cell.
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What are lysosomes?
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Lysosomes are the garbage collectors of the cell. Large bag-like structuresfound in animals and A FEW plants.
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What is the function of lysosomes?
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1. Contain powerful digestive chemicals to braek down large food
2. Also break down waste products and old cell parts. |
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What are vacuoles?
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Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that float in the cytoplasm, large, in BOTH plant and animal cells.
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What is the function of the vacuole?
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1. stores water and food materials
2. stores waste and helps cell get rid of waste |
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What are chloroplasts?
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Chrloroplasts are green, oval shaped organelles found ONLY in plants.They contain a compound called CHLROPHYLL.
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What is the function of chloroplasts?
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1. traps energy from the sun to make glucose
2. gives chloroplast its green color |
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What si the process called culturing?
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Culturing is the process of growing cells in a laboratory from a small portion of healthy skin cells.
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What is a multi-celled organism?
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A multi-celled organism is made up of more than one cell that are organized to work together to carries out more complex activities.
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What is a single-celled organism?
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A single-celled organism has inly one cell like an amoeba, and can only perform one function (swim).
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What are the five main levels of cell organization?
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1. cells
2. tissues 3. organs 4. organ systems 5. organism |
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WHat is tissue?
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Tissue is an organized group of specialized cells that perform a certain function. EX: muscle cells make up 3 types of muscle tissue: smooth, skeletal and cardiac.
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What are organs?
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Organs are a group of organized tissues that work together to perform a special function. EX: The heart is made of cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue and connective tissue that pump blod through heart and body.
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What are organ systems?
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Organ systems are a group of organs that work together. EX: The heart, blood and a network of blood vessels make up the human circulatory system.
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Name the ten human organ systems.
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1. circulatory 2. skeletal
3. muscular 4. skin 5. endocrine 6. reproductive 7. digestive 8. repiratory 9. excretory 10. nervous |
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What is a pacemaker?
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A pacemaker is an electronic device that keeps blood circulating properly by sending electric signals to the muscle cells to tell them when to contract.
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