Biology Chapter 10 Vocabulary

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Allele

Back 1

One of two or more alternative forms of a gene, occupying the same position (locus) on paired chromosomes and controlling the same inherited characteristics.

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Crossing Over

Back 2

Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatides from homogous chromosomes during prophase one of meiosis; resulting in new allele combinations.

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Diploid

Back 3

A cell with two of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a diploid, or 2n, number of chromosomes.

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Dominant

Back 4

Used to describe a gene that causes a parental characteristic it controls to occur in any offspring, or the characteristic itself.

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Egg

Back 5

Haploid female sex egg produced by meiosis.

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Fertilization

Back 6

The union of a male and female reproductive cells (gametes) to produce a fertilized reproductive cell (zygote).

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Gamete

Back 7

A specialized male or female cell with half the normal number of chromosomes that unites with another cell of the opposite sex in the process of sexual reproduction.

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Genetics

Back 8

The genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms.

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Genetic Recombination

Back 9

Major source of genetic variation among organisms caused by resentment or crossing over during meiosis.

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Genotype

Back 10

The genetic makeup of an organism, as opposed to its physical characteristics.

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Heredity

Back 11

The passing of a genetic factor such as the color of hair or eyes from one generation to the next, resulting in similarities between members of one family.

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Heterozygous

Back 12

A cell or organism that has two or more different versions (alleles) of at least one of its genes.

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Homozygous

Back 13

Having two identical genes at the corresponding loci of homologous chromosomes.

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Hybrid

Back 14

Offspring’s formed by parents having different forms of traits.

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Law of Independent Assortment

Back 15

Mendelian principle stating that genes from different traits are inherited independently of each other.

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Law of Segregation

Back 16

Mendelian principle explaining that because each plant has two different alleles, it can produce two different types of gametes. During fertilization, male and female gametes randomly pair to produce for combinations of alleles.

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Phenotype

Back 17

The visible characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction between its genetic makeup and the environment.

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Pollination

Back 18

Transfer of male pollen grains to the piston of a flower.

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Recessive

Back 19

Trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of the trait.

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Trait

Back 20

Characteristic that is inherited; can either be dominate or recessive.

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Haploid

Back 21

A cell with one of each kind of chromosome; is said to contain a haploid or n, number of chromosomes.

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Homologous Chromosome

Back 22

Paired chromosome with genes for the same traits arranged in the same order.

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Meiosis

Back 23

Type of cell division where one body cell produced four gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the parent’s body cells.

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Non-disjunction

Back 24

Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis; results in gametes with to many pr to few chromosomes.

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Sexual Reproduction

Back 25

Pattern of reproduction that involves the production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells.

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Sperm

Back 26

Haploid male sex cells produced by meiosis.