Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
acetylcholine
(pg. 67) |
neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles
|
|
|
active transport
(pg. 62) |
movement of a particle through a membrane against a concentration gradient with the use of energy from ATP
|
|
|
cell surface marker
(pg. 57) |
membrane protein of a cell that distinguishes it from other cells and foreign matter
|
|
|
cell surface protein
(pg. 56) |
protein within a cell's plasma membrane
|
|
|
channel
(pg. 57) |
cell surface proteins that loop back and forth through membrane bilayer
|
|
|
chemically gated
(pg. 67) |
description of a channel that opens and closes due to the binding of a chemical
|
|
|
chemiosmosis
(pg. 62) |
process by which cells pump protons across a plasma membrane and use the resulting proton gradient to produce ATP
|
|
|
coupled channel
(pg. 62) |
form of channel that carries into the cell sodium ions that accumulate outside the cell, as with nerve cells
|
|
|
diffusion
(pg. 58) |
movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
|
|
|
endocytosis
(pg. 64) |
process by which extracellular matter is taken up by a cell
|
|
|
equilibrium
(pg. 58) |
state in a chemical reaction when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
|
|
|
exocytosis
(pg. 64) |
releasing materials outside a cell by discharge from waste vacuoles
|
|
|
facilitated diffusion
(pg. 61) |
transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier molecules
|
|
|
gated channel
(pg. 67) |
a channel that opens and closes like a gate in a fence
|
|
|
hormone
(pg. 57) |
chemical produced in one part of an organism and then transported to another part of the organism, where it causes a response
|
|
|
hypertonic
(pg. 60) |
describes a solution with a higher concentration of solute molecules than the solution across a selectively permeable membrane
|
|
|
hypotonic
(pg. 60) |
describes a solution with a lower concentration of solute molecules than the solution across a selectively permeable membrane
|
|
|
isotonic
(pg. 60) |
describes solutions with equal solute concentrations on either side of a selectively permeable membrane
|
|
|
lipid bilayer
(pg. 55) |
basic structure of a plasma membrane; composed of two layers of phospholipids
|
|
|
neurotransmitter
(pg. 66) |
chemical messenger in sacs at the end of an axon that carries nerve impulses across a synapse
|
|
|
osmosis
(pg. 60) |
movement of water through a membrane from area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
|
|
|
osmotic pressure
(pg. 60) |
increased water pressure that results from osmosis
|
|
|
passive transport
(pg. 58) |
movement of a substance through a cell membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy
|
|
|
phagocytosis
(pg. 64) |
process by which cellular or fragmentary organic matter is engulfed by a cell
|
|
|
phospholipid
(pg. 55) |
organic molecule in the plasma membrane of a cell
|
|
|
pinocytosis
(pg. 64) |
uptake of extracellular fluid by a cell using small vesicles derived from the plasma membrane
|
|
|
proton pumps
(pg. 62) |
mechanism that causes the movement of protons across a plasma membrane resulting in a build up of protons that can be used to do cellular work, such as the production of ATP by chemiosmosis
|
|
|
receptor
(pg. 66) |
proteins that are specialized antennae that signal the cytoplasm when a particular particle has just bumped into the cell surface
|
|
|
receptor protein
(pg. 57) |
special protein on the cell's surface that matches particular molecules in the cell's surroundings, causing the cell to respond in a particular way
|
|
|
selectively permeable
(pg. 61) |
condition in which plasma membrane allows passage of some solutes but not others
|
|
|
sodium-potassium pump
(pg. 62) |
membrane channel through which sodium ions are exchanged with potassium ions, creating an abundance of sodium ions outside the cell wall
|
|
|
solute
(pg. 58) |
component of a solution in the lesser amount
|
|
|
solution
(pg. 58) |
homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
|
|
|
solvent
(pg. 58) |
component of a solution in the greater amount
|
|
|
voltage-gated
(pg. 68) |
characteristic of gated channels that are activated by electric signals from nerve cells
|
