Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Two inputs into the process?
|
Coming from (1) the NADH electron transport chain from Glycolysis, and (2) the NADH/FADH2 electron transport chain coming out of the Krebs cycle.
|
|
|
Main difference b/w NADH and FADH2?
|
FADH2 carries less potential energy, and so it feeds in lower in the electron transport chain. Thus, NADH can power more pumping!
|
|
|
Chemiosmosis?
|
the movement of ions across a selectively-permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. More specifically, it relates to the generation of ATP by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration.
|
|
|
Significance of chemiosmosis for the e- transport chain?
|
There are H+ pumps all along it that are fed by the energy release. The goal is to pump out H+. Electrons are captured by 02, turning into water.
*** This is why we sweat/perspire when working out. |
|
|
ATP synthesis?
|
Chemiosmosis couples the electron transport chain with ATP synthesis.
|
|
|
Inner mitochondrial membrane?
|
Also called cristae. This is where the electron transport chain is, and also where the ATP synthesis takes place (well, part of it. The cylindrical root is in the cristae, but the other part is on the mitochondrial matrix).
|
|
|
Three parts of the ATP synthase motor?
|
Cylinder, rod, and knob (contains the catalytic sites).
|
|
|
How does the motor work?
|
H+ moving down their gradient (chemosmosis) cause it to turn like a turbine, thus creating the energy needed to add a P to ADP, creating ATP!
|
|
|
Where does glycolysis take place?
|
In the surronding cytoplasm of the mito.
|
|
|
Comparison of of chemiosmosis locations in chloroplasts and mitochondira?
|
IN mito -- Intermembrane, membrane, matrix.
in chloro -- Thylakoid space, ___, stroma. There is no inner membrane/cristae in the chloroplast. |
|
|
Where is the majority of ATP being generated?
|
In the final, oxidative phosphorolation step. ~34 ATP per one glucose.
|
|
|
How many ATP are generated (overall) from one molecule of glucose?
|
36-38
|
|
|
How much potential energy does burning glucose give you?
|
686 kcal, but we only get out about 277kcal. Therefore we are only utilizing about 40% of the potential energy. Much of the lost energy keeps warm blooded animals warm.
|
|
|
How is cellular respiration regulated?
|
Via allosteric enzymes turning on/off ATP production.
Lots of ATP, turns it off, lots of AMP, turns it on. **Citrate can also inhibit the production. |
|
|
How does the activation/deactivation of an allosteric enzyme occur?
|
Preferential binding to sites that cause confirmational changes. I.e., when an activator binds to an active site, it keeps it on. Likewise for a deactivator landing on an deactivated one.. it keeps it unactivated.
|
|
|
Catbolites of proteins and fats?
|
They can also feed into the glycolsis /cellular respiration pathways.
|
|
|
What are fats good for?
|
They're the way we store long term energy. Thus, when needed, they can be broken down, and feed into the cellular respiration pathways.
|
|
|
Deamination?
|
Making components for the Krebs cycle with amino acids. i.e., glutamate being turned into alpha ketoglutaratem, which releases NH2 (ammonia) and urea (which is why we can smell urine and ammonia on us when we are working out very hard).
|
|
|
The three aminos that can be used in deamination?
|
Alanine -- like pyruvate, Just strip off the amino, and then can be fed in.
Glutamate -- gets turned into the alpha later in the process Aspartate -- gets turned into oxaloacetate, in the final step. |
|
|
Catbolism of fat molecules for the Kreb?
|
called beta-oxidization. Removes two carbons at a time in the form of acetyl-coA. One fat molecule yields 24 acetyl-coA (because each fat molecule had 3 fatty acid chains, each with 16 carbons).
|
|
|
Summary? The take-home message with fats?
|
12x as much ATP generated from one fat molecule (not counting the energy from glycolsis).
**It takes 12x as much excercise/work to burn the ATPs generated from fat as it does to burn those generated from one glucose molecule. Therefore it's better to burn it before it turns into fat! |
