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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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35. What does homologous mean?
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Term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent.
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36. What is the difference btw diploid and haploid? How are each notated?
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A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes is said to be diploid, means "2 sets". Notated =2N. The gametes of sexually reproducing organisms contain only a single set of chromosomes, and therefore only a single set of genes: haploid notated =N
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37. What type of cells are diploid? Haploid?
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A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes-diploid. Fruit flies and peas are haploids.
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38. If an organism's sex cell contains 16 chromosomes, how many chromosomes does the body cell contain? (answer to be derived from information on pg 275)
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The body cell contains 48 chromosomes
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39. In human cells, 2N=46. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a sperm cell? In an egg cell? In a white blood cell?
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Expect to find 23 chromosomes in a sperm cell and an egg cell. 46 chromosomes in a white blood cell.
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40. how are haploid gametes produced from diploid cells?
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When the gametes of sexually reproducing organisms contain only a single set of chromosomes.
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41. What is meiosis?
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Meiosis is a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
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42. What are the products formed from meiosis?
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Products formed from meiosis -4 haploid cells that are genetically diff. from one another and from the original cell.
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43. What is the difference btw a chromosome and a tetrad?
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Chromosomes are threadlike structures containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. And a tetrad is a structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis.
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44. When does crossing over occur and how does this affect the alleles on a chromatid?
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Crossing over occurs in Meiosis I. crossing over is the result in the exchange of alleles btw homologous chromosomes and produces new combinations of alleles.
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45. What is the male and female gamete referred as?
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The male gamete is referred to as the sperm. Female gamete is referred to as the egg.
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46. Compare mitosis and meiosis.
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Mitosis-produces 2 genentically identical cells. Diploid cells->2 diploid cells, occurs in body cells, replicates.
Both-begin w/ diploid cell, DNA replicates before. Meiosis-produces 4 genetically diff. cells. Diploid cells-> 4 haploid cells occurs in sex cells (gametes), replicates once divides twice, crossing over creates variation, tetrad forms > prophase I |
