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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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blood pathway
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superior/inferior vena cava --> RA, RV --> pul art, vein --> LA, LV --> aorta, body
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3 portal systems
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extra cap bed before blood back to heart; hepatic (liver); hypophyseal (hypothal --> ant pit)
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oxygen dissoc released as result of bohr effect by what mechanism?
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H+ binds to Hb and causes O2 dissociation
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what proteins are involved in clotting?
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platelets: release thromboplastin --> thrombin --> activates fibrin
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presence or absence of Rh factor will make antibodies?
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Rh- makes antibodies to Rh+!
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why are arterial walls thicker than veinous?
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so no expand under high bp
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which type of blood vessel has valves? Why?
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veins - high enough bp that needs to prevent backflow (not as high as artery which forces flow in 1 direc)
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describe the 3 mods/valves in fetal circ to bypass lungs + liver
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forman ovale(RA --> LA), ductus arteriosus (pul art --> aorta), ductus veinosus (umb vein --> inf vena cava to bypass liver)
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describe coordinated contraction of heart
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originates in pacemaker (SA node) --> AV node --> bundle of His --> Purkingee fibers (squeezes bottom up to force blood out)
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how are AA and sugars put into blood?
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from intest capillaries --> liver thru hepatic portal sys
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role blood pressure plays in kidneys
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bp provides E to force fluid into glom b/c w/o hydrostatic P, fluid in space --> hypertonic w/ proteins blood plasma (down osmo grad)
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order of pee goes:
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kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra
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3 jobs of kidney:
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filtration (passive only, filtrate + small ions pass into), reabsorbtion, secretion (wastes, K+, acids/bases)
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order renal blood goes in
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renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, vasa recta, renal vein
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what's in the cortex and what's in the medulla of kidney?
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glomerulus + Bowman's, proximal + distal convoluted tubules; loops of Heinle + collecting duct in medula
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which part(s) is/are impermeable to water?
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ascending loop of Heinle - reabsorb salt (b/c otherwise, going thru dec interstitial osmolarity would pull water INTO pee)
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aldosterone's role
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inc Na2+ reabsorb from distal conv tub so water reabsorb too (when bp dec)
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another name for ADH
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vasopresin - peptide hormone (binds to cell membranes and acts via 2ndary messengers)
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amino acids, glucose, vitamins reabsorbed in what part of kidney?
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proximal convoluted tubule
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how accomplish [pee] if fluid in nephron isotonic to filtrate?
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nature of solute changes - more waste in filtrate, pull out useful ions
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gluconeogenesis done by _____ and entails ____
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liver; breakdown of non-carbs (like fats) to glucose if scarce in blood
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purpose of estrogen vs progesterone
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vascularize uterine wall vs maintain it
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____ hormone surges on day ____ of menstrual cycle
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LH, day 14 (stimulates ovulation --> follicle to corpus luteum + release egg)
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name of hormone that stimulates anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH
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GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
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draw out menstrual cycle
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pg. 466 of lesson book (or see laminated sheet)
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what happens in menopause?
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ovaries run out of ova so nothing to secrete estro + prog so those levels drop and FSH, LH levels increase
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Exocrine Secretion
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into glands/ducts
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Endocrine Secretions
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hormones directly into blood
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Pancreas Exocrine vs Endocrine
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exocrine digestion: amylase (starch), lipase (lipid), trypsin, chymotrypsin, peptidases (peptide); endocrine hormones: glucagon, insulin, somatostatin (dec amts of both prior)
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purpose of thyroxine
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increase metabolism, neg feedback inhib of TSH (from ant pit)
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major hormone output of adrenal medula
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epinephrine + nonepinephrine - stim sympath sys (adrenaline by hypothal? No feel pain)
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epinephrine is also called ___
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adrenaline
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transportation of steroid vs peptide hormones
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protein bound; freely dissolved (b/c have to reg in 1 place, either transport or permeability)
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tropic hormones do what?
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stimulate other glands (like GnRH stim ant pit to release LH and FSH)
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thymosin purpose and produced where?
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made in thymus, stim T-lymphocyte prod
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