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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Three types of muscle tissue
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1. Skeletal muscle
2. Cardiac muscle 3. Smooth muscle |
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Muscle contractions four possible functions
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1. Body movement
2. Stabilization of body position 3. Movement of substances through the body 4. Generating heat to maintain body temperature |
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Tendon
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Connects muscle to bone
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Ligament
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Connects bone to bone
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Synergistic muscles
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Assist the agonist by stabilizing the origin bone or by positioning the insertion bone during the movement
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Sarcomere
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The smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle; composed of protein thick and thin filaments
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Myofibril
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Many sarcomeres positioned end to end
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Sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Specilized endoplasmic reticulum that surrounds the muscle cell
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Sarcolemma
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Modified membrane that wraps several myofibrils together to form a muscle cell or muscle fiber
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Thick filament
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Made of the protein myosin
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Thin filament
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Made of the protein actin
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T-tubules
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Create a uniform muscle contraction allowing the action potential to spread through the muscle cell more rapidly
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Motor unit
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A neuron and the muscle fibers that innervate it
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Myoglobin
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Oxygen storing protein that only has one protein subunit (hemoglobin has 4)
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Hypertrophy
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Increase in muscle cell diameter and change in muscle conformation
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Cardiac muscle
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Striated (composed of sarcomeres), contains only ONE nucleus, and is separated from its neighbor by intercalated disc; involuntary, larger and more numerous mitochondria
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Intercalated disc
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Contain gap junctions which allow action potential to spread from one cardiac cell to the next via electrical synapses
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Smooth muscle
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Involuntary, innervated by the autonomic nervous system, Contain ONE nucleus, intermediate filaments, and thick and thin filaments (but are not organized into sarcomeres)
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Intermediate filaments
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Upon contraction pulls dense bodies together
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Dense bodies
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Small regions of increased density in the sarcoplasm of skeletal muscles to which myofilaments seem to attach
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Bone
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Living tissue that functions to support soft tissue, protect internal organs, assist in body movement, mineral storage, blood cell production, and energy storage
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Red bone marrow
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Red blood cell development; spongy bone
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Yellow bone marrow
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Contains adipose cells for fat storage; surrounded by compact bone
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Osteoblast
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Bone-forming cell
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Osteocyte
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Bone cell
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Osteoclast
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Absorption of bone, as in the formation of canals
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Cartilage
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Flexible, resilient, connective tissue
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Skin
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An organ that functions in thermoregulation, protection, environmental sensory input, excretion, immunity, blood reservoir, and vitamin D synthesis
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Epidermis
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Avascular (no blood vessels)
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Dermis
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Vascular connective tissue
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Integumentary system
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Skin, hair, nails, glands and some nerve endings
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