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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Robert Hoole?
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Found first cell
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Robert Hooke used?
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Sliver of a cork
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Why are they called cells?
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Prison or monk cells
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek?
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Found microscopic organisms in pond water
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What robert hooke discovered was?
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Cell theory
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Three parts of cell theory?
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1) all life exposed of cells
2) basic building block, living 3) new cells come from old cells |
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Two characteristis of all cells?
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All cells have cell membranes, have DNA
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Prokaryotes?
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Lack a nucleus, less complex, and most sucessful
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Eukaryotes?
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Have a nucleus, more complex, contain many orgenelles
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Organelles?
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Tiny organs that specialize in different tasks
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3 parts of the cell?
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membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
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nucleus?
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brain of the cell conatins DNA
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nuclear envelope?
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lipid bilayer over nucleus
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nucleolus?
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were the ribosomes are made
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chromatin?
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really thin thread like fibers of DNA wrapped around proteins
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chromosomes?
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DNA turns into chromosomes so that the cell can make sure that all DNA is copied
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cytoplasm?
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fluid-like material between cell membrane and nucleus
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ribosomes?
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make protein
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endoplasmic reticulum?
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highway system
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Rough ER?
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transports and makes proteins
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Smooth ER?
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makes and transports lipids
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golgi apparatus?
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post office-modify, sort and package proteins
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lysosomes?
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produce the digestive enzymes that break down waste or bacteria
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vacuoles?
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store water
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mitochondria?
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power house-turns food into energy by breaking down gluclose
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chloroplast?
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turns sunlight into energy
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centrioles?
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pull the cell apart
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cytoskeleton?
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made of protein filaments that keep the cells shape
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cell membrane functions?
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protection, transportation of substances in and out of the cell, communication, and identification
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phospholipid bilayer?
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allows cell memberane to be selectively permeable for protection
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What is a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?
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microscope where the specimen has to be split first-can't see living because they have to slice it
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What is a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?
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produces a 3-D image but cells are killed by chemicals
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Cholesterol molecules?
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hold cell membrane together and block polar molecules
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Channel Proteins?
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transport larger molecules that cant pass through the bilayer so the channels open to let it in or out
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What causes these channels to open?
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hormones
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Receptor proteins?
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they allow the cell to communicate by binding with hormones
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Marker proteins?
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mark the cell as belonging to your body, so the white blood cells dont attack it
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Cell Walls?
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(only plants & bacteria) extra layer of support, used so that the cell can absorb more m=water without bursting
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Selectively permeable?
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means that the cell is picky on what goes in and out of the cell
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What are the two things that move across the cell membrane?
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passive and active
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What is the cell wall made of? Why cant we eat it?
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cellulose and hard to digest
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Difference between passive and active?
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passive uses no energy while active does
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Passive?
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move from a high concentration to a low concentration until even
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Diffusion?
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a random motion that causes molecules to move form a high to low concentration
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osmosis?
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diffusion of water across the membrane until equilibrium is reached on both sides
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osmotic pressure?
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the force that pulls water across the membrane
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Active?
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ATP is used to move molecules from a low to a high concentration
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How much energy is used to move particles?
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40%
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Endocytosis?
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large molecules too big to be transported by other means are engulfed by cell membrane and carried into the cell surrounded by a vesicle
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Pinocytosis?
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large liquid
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Phagocytosis?
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engulfed large solid particles white blood cells do this
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Exocytosis?
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exit ceel by endocytosis in reverse
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Unicellular organisms?
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organisms made up of only one cell that still display all the characteristics of life, eukaryote example is plankton
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ALL PROCARYOTES ARE???
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unicellular
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Multicellular organisms?
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organisms made up of many cells. Multicellular organisms consist of specialized cells which perform specific tasks to keep the organism alive.
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LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION??
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CELLS-TISSUES-ORGANS-SYSTEMS-ORGANISMS
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