Biology 1

Front 1

-OH in sugars and alcohols is the

Back 1

Hydroxyl group

Front 2

The functional group -NH2 is

Back 2

The amino group

Front 3

The endomembrane system does not include the

Back 3

Mitochondria

Front 4

Simple diffusion is an example of

Back 4

Passive transport

Front 5

O2 released during photosynthesis comes from

Back 5

H2O

Front 6

The products of light-dependent reactions of photosyntheses are used in

Back 6

Light-independent reactions

Front 7

Glycolysis occurs in

Back 7

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

Front 8

From one molecule of glucose, glycolysis yields

Back 8

2NADH

2 pyruvate

2 ATP

Front 9

The molecules that deliver electrons directly to the electron transport chains are

Back 9

NADH and FADH2

Front 10

During glycolysis, one six-carbon molecule of glucose is broken down to 2, three-carbon molecules of

Back 10

Pyruvate

Front 11

Protein synthesis is NOT

Back 11

An exergonic reaction

Front 12

For an enzyme to funcion, what type of energy needs to be provided

Back 12

Activation

Front 13

The removal of electrons from a compound is called

Back 13

Oxidation

Front 14

Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis fix CO2 into

Back 14

A stable organic compound

Front 15

Aerobs use ___ as the final electron acceptor at the end of transport chains

Back 15

Oxygen

Front 16

The first event in photosynthesis is the

Back 16

Transfer of electrons from chlorophyll

Front 17

Before a glucose molecules can be broken down to release energy what must happen

Back 17

Two phosphate groups must be attached to glucose

Front 18

The electron transfer chain requires what, produces what, and takes place where

Back 18

Requires oxygen

Produces 32 ATP

Takes place in the mitochondria

Front 19

In prep reactions

Back 19

Pyruvate is oxidized

NAD+ is reduced

Front 20

Coenzymes grab what

Back 20

Electrons and hydrogen

Front 21

The Krebs Cycle takes place in the what and produces what

Back 21

Mitochondria

2 ATP

Front 22

Anaerobic pathways start in the ___ and are completed in the ___

Back 22

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

Front 23

Aerobic pathways start glycolysis in the ___ and finish in the ___

Back 23

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Front 24

C4 plants stash ___ in case the stomata closes

Back 24

CO2

Front 25

C3 plants breathe through the

Back 25

Stoma

Front 26

When hot/dry C3 plants do what

Back 26

Close the stoma

O2 rises

CO2 drops

Sugars are broken up

Front 27

The electron flow drives

Back 27

ATP formation

Front 28

In the cyclic electron flow

Back 28

Electrons are recycled

Water is not split, no NADP

Front 29

The noncyclic electron flow produces ___ and splits___

Back 29

Produces NADPH and ATP

Splits water

Front 30

Light-independent reactions is AKA and produces

Back 30

Calvin-Benson Cycle

Produces glucose, ADP, and NADP+

Front 31

Endergonic reactions

Back 31

Require energy

Synthesis of glucose from CO2 and H2O

Front 32

Reduction

Back 32

Gain of an electron

Front 33

Exocytosis

Back 33

Vesicles fuse with membrane

Release substances

Front 34

Endocytosis

Back 34

Membrane forms vesicle

Brings in substances

Front 35

Central vacuole stores

Back 35

Amino acids, sugars, and wastes

Front 36

Cytoskeleton includes

Back 36

Microtubules

Microfilaments

Intermediate filiments

Motor proteins

Front 37

Flagella and cilia are made of

Back 37

Microtubules

Front 38

Microtubules are made of

Back 38

Tubulin (protien)

Front 39

Microfilaments are made of

Back 39

Actin (protien)

Front 40

The endomembrane system is where ___ are assembled and new ____ are modified

Back 40

Lipids

Polypeptide chains

Front 41

Primary structure

Back 41

Sequence of amino acids

Front 42

Secondary structure

Back 42

Helix or sheet

Front 43

Organic compounds

Back 43

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protiens

Nucleic acids

Front 44

Photosynthesis model

Back 44

Front 45

Chloloplasts convert

Back 45

Sunlight energy to ATP

Front 46

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain

Back 46

Their own circular DNA

Front 47

The central vacuole:

Stores ___, ___, and ___

Back 47

Amino acids

Sugars

Wastes

Front 48

The central vacuole increases

Back 48

Cell size and surface area

Front 49

Microtubules are involved in ___, ___, and ___ ___

Back 49

Shape

Motility

Cell division

Front 50

Microfilaments take part of ___, ___, and maintenance of ___ ___

Back 50

Movement

Formation

Cell shape

Front 51

Smooth ER disassembles

Back 51

Fats and fatty acids

Front 52

Rough ER modifies

Back 52

Polypeptide chains

Front 53

Smooth ER builds

Back 53

Lipids

Front 54

Rough ER processes

Back 54

Protiens

Front 55

The endomembrane system is where what is modified

Back 55

Polypeptide chains

Front 56

The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the

Back 56

Nuclear envelope

Front 57

A peptide bond joins

Back 57

Amino acids

Front 58

Animal cells do not have which 3 things

Back 58

Central vacuoles

A cell wall

Chloroplasts

Front 59

Most plant cells do not have these 2 things

Back 59

Lysosomes

Centrioles

Front 60

Light-dependent reactions take place in the

Back 60

Thylakoids

Front 61

Light-independent reactions take place in the

Back 61

Stroma

Front 62

The Calvin-Benson Cycle produces

Back 62

Glucose

ADP

NADP

Front 63

The dehydration reaction forms what from what

Back 63

Polymers from subunits

Front 64

Covalent bonds formed from

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Back 64

4

3

2

Front 65

The 3 steps ATPis produced in

Back 65

Glycolysis 2

Krebs Cycle 2

Electron transport 32

Front 66

Starch is stored in

Back 66

Plastids

Front 67

Longer wavelengths =

Back 67

Lower energy

Front 68

Passive transport protiens create

Back 68

Channels for solutes to move freely along a gradient

Front 69

Recognition proteins identify

Back 69

Cells as self or other

Front 70

Lipids include

Back 70

Fats and steroids

Front 71

When atoms bond they become a

Back 71

Molecule

Front 72

Anabolic pathways require

Back 72

Energy input

Front 73

Anabolic pathways assemble ___ from ___

Back 73

Large molecules from subunits

Front 74

Lipids are assembled in the

Back 74

Endomembrane

Front 75

In second stage reactions

___ is oxidized

The ___ ___ occurs

___ are reduced

One ___ forms

Back 75

Pyruvate

Krebs Cycle

Coenzymes

ATP

Front 76

In the third stage reaction

The flow of ___ down gradients powers ___

Back 76

H+

ATP

Front 77

What forms when elements combine

Back 77

Compounds

Front 78

Peptide bonds are formed with what reactions

Back 78

Condensation

Front 79

Adhesion protiens help cells stick to

Back 79

Cells

Protiens

Tissues

Front 80

Transport vessicles are located in the

Back 80

Rough ER

Front 81

Biological molecules include

Back 81

Carbohydrates

Protiens

Nucleic acids

Front 82

The golgi body puts the finishing touches on

Back 82

Protiens and lipids

Front 83

Two types of vessicles include

Back 83

Lysosomes and peroxisomes

Front 84

Peroxisomes convert fats to

Back 84

Carbohydrates

Front 85

Communication protiens connect cells to adjacent ones so

Back 85

Chemicals can transfer

Front 86

The golgi body attaches ___ to ___

Back 86

Sugars to protiens

Front 87

Anaerobs make ATP by

Back 87

Fermentation

Front 88

Hydrogen ions form when

Back 88

H2O ionizes and has unbound protons

Front 89

Catabolic pathways release ___ and breakdown ___ ___ into subunits

Back 89

Energy

Large molecules

Front 90

In hydrolysis cells

Back 90

Break bonds between monomers by adding water to them

Front 91

Surface to volume ratio

Back 91

Bigger cells meams less surface area per unit volume

Hint 91

Bigger ___ means less___ ___ per ___ ___

Front 92

Calvin-Benson Cycle reactants

Back 92

CO2

ATP

NADPH