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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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transformation
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bacteria which incorporated exterenal genetic material which results in a change in genotype and phenotype
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bacteriophages
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viruses that infect bacteria (phages)
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semiconservative model
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predicts two daughter DNA molecules each have one parental strand and only one newly formed strand
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orgins of replication
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the place where proteins initiate replication and bind to a specific sequence of nucleotides and separate the two stands to form a replication "bubble"
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replication forks
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the Y-shaped forks where replication proceedes after the forming of the replication "bubble"
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DNA polymerases
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enzymes which connect nucleotidest ot eh groiwng end of the new DNA strand
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leading strand
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new 5'->3' strand being formed along the template by DNA polymerase III in the progressing replication fork
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lagging strand
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created as a series of shorter segments
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Okazaki fragments
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also known as lagging strand that is formed away from direction of replication fork
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DNA ligase
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enzyme which joins the sugar-phosphate backbones of the fragments
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primase
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enzyme which joins about 10 RNA nucleotides to form a primer
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primer
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mixture of enzymes and RNA nucleotides which start chain
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helicase
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enzyme which unwinds the helix and separates the paretn strand at replication forks
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telomeres
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protect an organism's genes from being shortend during successive DNA replications
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nuclease
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enzyme which cut out damaged strands of DNA
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