Biology - 1St Test

Front 1

Necessary for production of bile

Back 1

Cholesterol

Front 2

type of cells with the most cholesterol

Back 2

Liver and brain cells

Front 3

raises low-density lipoprotein (LDL or "bad") cholesterol that increases your risk of coronary artery disease, as well as lowering HDL, or
"good" cholesterol.

Back 3

Trans fats

Front 4

Trans fats are created by process called

Back 4

hydrogenation.B

Front 5

very long polymers that store
information

Back 5

Nucleic acids.B

Front 6

monomers of nucleic acids

Back 6

nucleotides

Front 7

3 parts of nucleotide

Back 7

1. a 5-carbon ring sugar (ribose or deoxyribose)
2. at least one phosphate group
3. a nitrogen-containing base

Front 8

5 types of nucleotides (get the letters at least):

Back 8

1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Guanine
4. Cytosine
5. Uracil

Front 9

Which are the purines

Back 9

2 rings (adenine and guanine)

Front 10

Which are the pyrimidines

Back 10

Cytosine and Thymine (also uracil for RNA)

Front 11

_____ bonds join each nucleotide's sugar ring to a phosphate group of the next nucleotide

Back 11

Covalent

Front 12

Differences b/w DNA, RNA

Back 12

- it uses uracil instead of thymine
- it is comprised of just one strand
- it has a ribose sugar (instead of deoxyribose)

Front 13

a covalent bond is formed between monomers by removing _________ from one subunit and a hydrogen (H) from another subunit

Back 13

an hydroxyl group (OH)
(in dehydration synthesis)

Front 14

macromolecules that make up the structural framework of cells and play a critical role in energy production and storage

Back 14

Carbohydrates

Front 15

sucrose (table sugar) = __ + __

Back 15

glucose and fructose

Front 16

lactose = __ + __

Back 16

glucose and galactose

Front 17

maltose (grain) = __ + __

Back 17

glucose and glucosese

Front 18

plants form cell walls out of _____

Back 18

cellulose

Front 19

some animals form ____ for exoskeletonss

Back 19

chitin

Front 20

subunits of proteins

Back 20

amino acids

Front 21

the covalent bond linking two amino acids together

Back 21

peptide bond

Front 22

-COOH is called a _______ ______

Back 22

carboxyl group

Front 23

-NH2 is called a ______ _____

Back 23

amino group

Front 24

_____ structure - the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Back 24

primary

Front 25

_____ structure - forms because regions of the polypeptide that are non-polar are forced together

Back 25

Secondary

Front 26

_____ structure - the final 3-D shape of the
protein

Back 26

Tertiary

Front 27

_____ structure - the spatial arrangement of proteins comprised of more than one polypeptide chain

Back 27

Quaternary

Front 28

how many types of amino acids are there?

Back 28

20

Front 29

changes to the environment of the protein may
cause it to unfold or ______

Back 29

denature

Front 30

increased _______ or lower __ affects hydrogen bonding, which is involved in the folding process, causing it to unwind or change shape

Back 30

temperature, pH

Front 31

when a protein combines with a carbohydrate

Back 31

Glycoprotein

Front 32

when a protein combines with a fat (cholesterol, triglyceride or phospholipid)

Back 32

Lipoprotein

Front 33

globular proteins that have a special 3-D shape that fits precisely with another chemical

Back 33

enzymes

Front 34

The approximate size of a human cell

Back 34

10-20 micrometres

Front 35

The approximate size of a prokaryotic cell

Back 35

~2 micrometres

Front 36

minimum distance that two points can be apart and still be distinguished as two separated points

Back 36

resolution

Front 37

the limit of resolution of the human eye is about 100 _________

Back 37

micrometres

Front 38

_________ is important in maintaining the fluid nature of the membrane

Back 38

cholesterol

Front 39

bind to substances outside of the cell and affect the function of that cell, such as hormones

Back 39

receptor proteins

Front 40

membrane proteins that act as markers, such as blood type proteins

Back 40

antigens

Front 41

allow substances to cross the membrane, such as ion channels

Back 41

transport proteins

Front 42

capsule is composed of

Back 42

protein

Front 43

prokaryotic _________ are comprised of carbohydrates for rigid structure, not cellulose

Back 43

cell walls

Front 44

_____ contain a central vacuole

Back 44

plants

Front 45

only _____ cells contain centrioles

Back 45

animal

Front 46

____________ permit proteins and RNA to pass in and out of nucleus

Back 46

nuclear pores

Front 47

a flagellum is a collection of _____ fibers that extends from the cell surface

Back 47

protein

Front 48

DNA is loosely coiled into strands called ________

Back 48

chromatin

Front 49

thick ropes, intertwined protein

Back 49

intermediate filament