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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
homeostasis
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stable environment
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hypothesis
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possible explanation for observations
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theory
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a hypothesis that is supported by other information
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organism
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all characteristics of life
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biology
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study of living things
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zoology
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study of animals
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botany
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study of plants
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anatomy
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study of the structures of an organism
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physiology
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study of the functions of an organism
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chemistry
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study of chemical reactions
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microbiology
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study of small living things
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ecology
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study of relationships between organisms and their environment
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genetics
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study of heretity
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taxonomy
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study of classification
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entomology
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study of insects
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herpetology
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study of reptiles and amphibians
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ichthyology
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study of fishes
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ornithology
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study of birds
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paleontology
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study of fossils
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autotroph
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make their own food, usually through photosynthesis
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heterotroph
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organism that obtains energy from food it consumes
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prokaryote
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lacks a nucleus; ex. bacteria
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eukaryote
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has a nucleus
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osmosis
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diffusion of water
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diffusion
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net movement from high concentration to low concentration; continues until equilibrium is reached
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centromere
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area where cromatids are attached
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genotype
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way an organism is genetically
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phenotype
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way an organism appears
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homozygous
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2 alleles for the trait are the same
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heterozygous
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2 alleles for the trait are different
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DNA polymerase
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main enzyme in replication
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point mutation
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change in one base
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frameshift mutation
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one is added or deleted
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hybrid
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crossing of 2 different species
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inbreeding
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crossing closely related species
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genetic engineering
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changing genetic sequence
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palindrome
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read same forwards and backwards
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recombinant DNA
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DNA from different sources added together
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transgenic organism
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contain foreign DNA
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genome
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total # of genes in an organism
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What characteristics do all living things have in common?
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made of cells, can reproduce, adapts to environment, grows and develops, use energy, and based on a genetic code
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Trace the organization of life from the somplest level to the most complex.
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cells > tissue > organs > systems > organisms > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere
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What makes a good experiment?
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look to solve problems that are testable
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Why is SI commonly used in science?
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it's international and it's multiples of 10
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What is the importance of using a control group in an experiment?
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used as a comparison
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Aristotle
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classified organisms
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Vesalius
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studied anatomy
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Harvey
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blood circulation
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Leeuwenhoek
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advanced microscope
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Linnaeus
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modern classification system
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Pasteur
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disproved spontaneous generation
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Darwin
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natural selection
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Mendel
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genetics
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Watson and Crick
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discovered structure of DNA
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Wilson
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biodiversity
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carbohydrates
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main source of energy
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lipids
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stores energy
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proteins
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contrils chemical reactions, transport, form structure
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nucleic acid
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stores genetic info.
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cell membrane
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regulates what goes in and out of cell
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cell wall
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supports and protects the cell
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nucleus
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contains cell's genetic material and controls cells activity
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cytoplasm
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contains many important structures
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chromosome
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contains genetic info. that passes from generation of cell to next
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nuclear envelope
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lets things in and out of nucleus
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cytoskeleton
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helps to support cell
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endoplasmic reticulum
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help make proteins get ready to leave
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golgi apparatus
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attaches carbs and lipids to proteins
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lysosome
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breaks down carbs, lipids, and proteins
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mitochondria
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breaks down food to make high-energy compounds
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chloroplast
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makes energy-rich food molecules from the sun
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vacuole
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stores water, salts, proteins and carbs.
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What are the differences in plant and animal cells?
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plants have chloroplasts, cell walls, large vacuoles; animals have lysosomes, smaller vacuoles
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How can particles enter and exit the cell?
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diffusion allow particles to move in and out from high concentration to low until reach equilibrium
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Why are cells small?
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if the cells are to big, not enough nutrients can get to inner parts of cell and not enough DNA to control cell if to big
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Prophase
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chromosomes double
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Metophase
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chromotids line up in middle
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Anaphase
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sister chromatids are pulled apart
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Telophase
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chromosomes become long and thin
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How are cancer cells different from normal cells?
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cancer cells grow uncontrolably
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Why are cancer cells harmful?
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have short interphase, and they press up against things that aren't suppose to have pressure
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What is the difference in aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
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aerobic-takes place when there is oxygen; anaerobic-takes place when there is no oxygen
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What are the products of alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation?
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alcoholic fermentation-creates alcohol and small amount of ATP; lactic acid fermentation-creates lactic and a small amount of ATP
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Describe the laws of segregation?
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2 alleles for each trait separation when gamete is formed
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Describe the the independent assorment?
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genes for separatie traits are inherited independently of each other
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