Biology 115 Test 2 Cells

Front 1

what are the three junctions in animal cells

Back 1

tight junctions
desmosomes
gap junctions

Front 2

what is the purpose of junctions

Back 2

joining multicellular tissue

Front 3

what do tight junctions do

Back 3

bind cells together
prevent fluid leakage

Front 4

what do desmosomes do

Back 4

they anchor the cells

Front 5

what do gap junctions do

Back 5

allow passage of small molecules for communication

Front 6

where are tight junctions typically found

Back 6

epithelial tissues

Front 7

anchoring junctions, appear as thickened patches in the cell membrane region between two cells.

Back 7

desmosomes

Front 8

what do desmosomes contain

Back 8

specialized proteins like keratin

Front 9

where are desmosomes found

Back 9

epithelium, smooth muscle and other tissues

Front 10

what are their functions desmesomes

Back 10

anchoring, support, bind cells together, and anchors for fibers in the cytoskeleton

Front 11

what do gap junctions allow

Back 11

the passage of water and small molecules

Front 12

what do gap junctions assist with

Back 12

coordinating activities of the adjecent cells

Front 13

an example of gap junction coordination and communication

Back 13

if a hormone stimulates one cell and activates adjacent cell

Front 14

what junctions are in plant cells

Back 14

they do not need junctions. their cell wall is rigid and tough

Front 15

higher plant cells are interconnected by

Back 15

plasmodesmata

Front 16

what are plasmodesmata

Back 16

tublike structures in plant cells that go through the cell wall and form fluid connections.

Front 17

what do plasmodemata allow

Back 17

like a gap junction allow the free exchange of small molecules

Front 18

what is the primary role of desmosomes

Back 18

binding cells together

Front 19

which junction aids in the activities of adjacent animal cells

Back 19

gap junctions

Front 20

A researcher is using adult stem cells and comparing them to other adult cells from the same tissue. Which of the following is a likely finding?

Back 20

The cells from the two sources exhibit different patterns of DNA methylation.

Front 21

In animals, embryonic stem cells differ from adult stem cells in that

Back 21

embryonic stem cells can differentiate into more cell types than adult stem cells.

Front 22

In recent times, it has been shown that adult cells can be induced to become pluripotent stem cells (iPS). In order to make this conversion, what has been done to the adult cells?

Back 22

A retrovirus is used to introduce four specific regulatory genes.

Front 23

what are the receptors that mediate attachment between a cell and tissue or extracellular matrix around them

Back 23

integrins

Front 24

during the cell cycle what is the cell doing

Back 24

continuing to perform its regular functions

Front 25

what regular functions is the cell performing while undergoing the cell cycle

Back 25

making hormones, passing messages, growing or fighting infectons but it is still preparing for cell division

Front 26

what is the first stage of the cell cycle

Back 26

G1

Front 27

what occurs during G1 phase

Back 27

cell grows and duplicates getting ready to prepare the machinery needed to replicate dna

Front 28

what is the second stage of the cell cycle

Back 28

S phase

Front 29

what occurs during the s phase

Back 29

synthesis

Front 30

what synthesis occurs during the s phase

Back 30

the dna molecule in the nucleus is duplicated

Front 31

when does the cell enter the other gap stage

Back 31

when dna replication is complete

Front 32

what is the third stage

Back 32

g2 phase

Front 33

what is still occuring during the G2 phase

Back 33

cell growth and the duplication of the organells

Front 34

what is the final stage of the cell cycle

Back 34

m phase

Front 35

what makes up the interphase

Back 35

two gap phases and s phase
G1 s phase G2

Front 36

which phase do the cells not divide

Back 36

interphase

Front 37

where do cells spend most their time in what phase

Back 37

interphase

Front 38

what does each daughter cell need to have

Back 38

an exact copy of the complete genome

Front 39

When do cells posses the standard diploid number of chromosomes

Back 39

G1 phase

Front 40

what does each chromosome contain

Back 40

one dna molecule

Front 41

what phase is each dna molecule copied or replicated

Back 41

s phase

Front 42

what are the two copies of the dna molecule that has been replicated called

Back 42

sister chromatids

Front 43

each pair of sister chromatids are joined at the structure called what

Back 43

centromere

Front 44

during the s phase what is doubled and what stays the same

Back 44

the number of dna molecules double to eight but the chromosomes stay at four

Front 45

during which phase are both the number of chromosomes and the number of dna molecules remaining constant

Back 45

G2

Front 46

Which of the following is a function of the S phase in the cell cycle?

Back 46

The synthesis of sister chromatids

Front 47

The copying of chromosomes occurs during which of the following phases of the cell cycle?

Back 47

s phase

Front 48

For the first several divisions of early frog embryos, cells proceed directly from the M phase to the S phase and back to M without gaps. Which of the following is likely to be true about dividing cells in early frog embryos?

Back 48

The cells get smaller with each generation.

Front 49

If an organism normally has 34 chromosomes, how many molecules of DNA should there be in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Back 49

34

Front 50

Which of the following events would cause the cell cycle to arrest?

Back 50

Poor nutrient conditions