Biology 101, Chapters 5, 6, 13

Front 1

Central Nervous System
(2 points)

Back 1

- processes and integrates information
- generates motor output

Front 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Back 2

recieves sensory input

Front 3

3 types of neurons

Back 3

1) Sensory Neurons
2) Motor Neurons
3) Interneurons

Front 4

sensory neurons

Back 4

take nerve signlas from sensory receptors to CNS

Front 5

interneurons

(3 points)

Back 5

- only in CNS

- recieve SENSORY NEURON input and interpretations

- communicate with motor neurons

Front 6

motor neurons

(2 points)

Back 6

- recieve NERVE IMPULSES from CNS

- implusses communicate with an effector

Front 7

effector

Back 7

tissues that are specialized to respond to changes

Front 8

Sensory Neuron Structure

(3 points)

Back 8

- dendrites are at sensory receptors

- long axon

- cell body interprets

Front 9

Motor/Interneuron Structure

(2 points)

Back 9

- multiple dendrites

- cell body sends signal through axon

Front 10

myelin sheath in CNS

Back 10

oligodendrocytes

Front 11

myelin sheath in PNS

Back 11

Schwann cells

Front 12

resting potential

Back 12

there are more negative ions inside the cell, and more positive ions outside the cell

Front 13

threshold

Back 13

voltage that will result in an action potential

Front 14

depolarization

Back 14

charge changes from negative to positive

Front 15

repolarization

Back 15

inside of axon resumes negative charge

Front 16

salatory conduction

Back 16

action potentials "jump" between nodes

Front 17

axon terminals

Back 17

the brances at the end of every axon

Front 18

synaptic cleft

Back 18

small gap between the sending and recieving neuron

Front 19

tracts

Back 19

long myelenated axons in bundles

Front 20

Albumins

Back 20

plasma protein that transports organic molecules

Front 21

fibrinogen

Back 21

plasma protein that forms blood clots

Front 22

antigens

Back 22

foreign substances or cells

Front 23

neutrophils (2 points)

Back 23

- majority of WBCs


- first responders to infections

Front 24

eosinophils

Back 24

associated with parasitic worms

Front 25

basophils

Back 25

release histamines to help with allergies

Front 26

Agranular Lymphocytes

Back 26

1) Lymphocytes
2) monocytes

Front 27

T-cells

Back 27

destroy pathogens

Front 28

B-cells

Back 28

produce antibodies

Front 29

monocytes

Back 29

act as phagocytes

Front 30

frontal lobe

Back 30

motor area

Front 31

parietal lobe

Back 31

somatosensory area

Front 32

occipital lobe

Back 32

taste and visual area

Front 33

temporal lobe

Back 33

auditory area

Front 34

three sections of the brain stem

Back 34

1) Midbrain

2) Pons

3) Medulla oblongata

Front 35

midbrain

Back 35

relay center for visual, auditory, and tactile responses

Front 36

reticular formation

Back 36

filters out unecessary stimuli

Front 37

wernicke's area

Back 37

understanding of written/spoken language

Front 38

broca's area

Back 38

stimulates speaking/writing muscles

Front 39

cerebellum

Back 39

under the occiptal lobe

Front 40

Two parts of the diencephalon

Back 40

1) Hypothalamus

2) Thalamus

Front 41

4 Major brain regions

Back 41

1) Brain Stem
2) Cerebellum
3) Diencephalon
4) Cerebrum

Front 42

arteriovenous shunts

Back 42

pathways that allow blood to bypass the capillary beds

Front 43

precapillary scphincters

Back 43

control blood flow through the capillary bed

Front 44

atrioventricular node

Back 44

signals ventricular contractions

Front 45

average blood pressure

Back 45

120/80

Front 46

Where is blood pressure the highest?

Back 46

arterial end

Front 47

Sodium Potassium Pumps at Resting potential

Back 47

Sodium = Outside, Potassium = Inside