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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The differences in physical appearance between males and females of some species such as ibexes and peacocks is known as _____?
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Sexual Dimorphism
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Female reproductive organs responsible for egg production are ____ while in males, the organs responsible for sperm production are _____?
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Ovaries, Testes
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In the presence of estrogen, the internal female genetalia are formed from a set of tubes known as _____?
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Mullerian Ducts
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Despite being genetically XY, people with mutated genes for testosterone receptors develop as females, a condition known as _____?
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Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS)
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Steroid hormones are produced from a fatty precursor commonly found in the cell membranes known as _____?
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Cholesterol
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An occurence where paired chromosomes do not separate during meiosis and are both passed into the same genetic gamete is known as _____?
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Nondisjunction
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Trisomy 21, a condition where an individual has three copies of chromosome 21 due to a nondisjunction event, is more commonly known as _____?
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Down's Syndrome
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In Turner syndrome, nondisjunction results in an individual with the sex chromosome compliment of _____?
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XO
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In Kleinfelter syndrome, as a result of nondisjunction, an individual has a sex chromosome complementation of _____?
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XXY
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In crocodiles, sex determination is dependant upon incubation environment _____?
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Temperature
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The type of sequential sex determination where all organisms start life male and a breeding female is replaced by a male changing sex is known as _____?
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Protandry
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Life with its ability to reproduce began on this planet _____ years ago?
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3.7 billion
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Because changes in DNA must occur in order for life to adapt and survive, there must be some errors in the process of _____?
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DNA Replication
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The greates ability to produce variation resulting from very rapid reproduction rates exist in _____ cells?
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Prokaryotic or Bacterial
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The attitude that interprets reality exclusively in terms of human values and experiences is known as _____?
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Anthropocentrism
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The attitude that attributes human motivations and characteristics to inanimate objects or animals is known as _____?
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Anthropomorphism
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For each offspring, the parent that has to invest the most energy to care for it is the _____?
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Female
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The physical differences seen between males and females in species where males are polygamous and provide no parental care is known as _____?
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Sexual Dimorphism
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Females can smell Major Histocompatability Genes (MHC) in potential mates and prefer mates with MHC genes _____ from their own?
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Different
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A set of complex behavioral traits that are embedded in the genetic program of biological organisms are known as _____?
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Fixed Action Patterns or FAPs
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Fixed action patterns are initiated by some type of _____?
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Sign Stimuli
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An example of sign stimuli initiating a fixed action pattern in sexual selection behavior is seen in the tufts of hair on the legs of male _____?
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Wolf Spiders
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In a fixed action pattern, profound physiological changes that result in expression of distinct behaviors are known as _____?
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Drive
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Once behaviors of a fixed action pattern are initiated, an entire sequence of steps will automatically occur until completed. These steps are known as a _____?
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Motor Program
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The mechanism of how an organism behaves with regards to how stimuli are received and transformed into behavioral responses is known as _____ causation.
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Proximate
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Within one hundred years the population of Japan will decline by _____?
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50%
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Within one hundred years the population of Russia will decline by _____?
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20%
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The environment influences population size by affecting the _____ used by the organisms?
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Reproductive Strategies
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The production of a large number of offspring by organisms in an environment with unstable resources is called _____?
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R-Selection
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_____ reproductive strategy is characterized by a low reproductive rate?
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K-Selection
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The growth in the world human population follows a path commonly observed in all living organisms called _____?
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Exponential Growth
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In 1979 the Chinese government introduced the _____ per family policy with the slogan "Late, Long, and Few?"
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One-Child
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Unmarried youth in Japan are knon as _____?
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Parasite Singles
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In a country that has excellent heathcare and abundant resources the predicted reproductive strategy is _____?
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K-Selection
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By 2050 the African population will be _____ the size of Europe's?
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Triple
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_____ is the number one cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa?
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AIDs
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When faced with a high infant mortality rate a population will use the _____ reproductive strategy?
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R-Selection
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The population of the world is predicted to be _____ in 2050?
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9-11 Billion
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Even though the brain makes up only _____ percent of the body weight, it uses _____ percent of the body's energy supply?
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2% 20%
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Basic functions of nerves have remained essentially unchanged for _____ million years?
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500
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West Nile fever and Japanese encephalitis are examples of diseases caused by _____?
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Arboviruses
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Research has demonstrated that the _____ is the processing center in the brain for short-term memory?
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Hippocampus
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An average human brain weighs _____?
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3 Pounds
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The technique known as _____ can detect a constant stream of electrical signals?
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Electroencephalogram (EEG)
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Brain imaging techniques such as _____ and _____ can easily visualize damage to different regions of the brain?
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CAT MRI
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The brain cannot survive more than a few minutes without _____ and _____?
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Oxegyn Glucose
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_____ cells are operated by a combination of electrical currents and chemical transmitters?
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Nerve
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Neurotransmitters are released into the _____ when released by the axon?
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Synaptic Cleft
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The main avenue that we use to acquire information about the external world is _____?
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Vision
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Contrary to popular belief, we do not see with our eyes, but actually with our ____?
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Brain
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90% of all information that enters our eyes is recognized only by our _____?
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Unconciousness
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Our ability to focus our vision is dependent on muscles changing the shape of the _____?
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Lens
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Incoming images are sharply focused on the back surface of the eye known as the _____?
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Retina
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To cushion it against external pressure and shock, the eye is filled with a gelatinous liquid known as the _____?
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Vitreous Humor
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The cells lining the retina that are responsible for sensing monochrome vision are known as _____ cells?
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Rod
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Visual processing is a complex process that involves up to _____ of the human brain?
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2/3
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Almost 2/3 of all neurons in the human brain are located in the "mammalian brain," otherwise known as the _____?
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Cerebral Cortex
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Basic physiological processes such as breathing and digestion are controlled by the _____?
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Brain Stem
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The human midbrain, which is involved in the fight or flight response, is also known as the _____ brain?
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Reptilian
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The portion of the brain where visual information is processed is known as the _____?
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Visual Cortex
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The visual cortex is located in the _____ lobe of the brain?
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Occipital
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The left occipital lobe receives visual information from the _____ eye?
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Right
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Blind sight results not from the primary visual pathways involving the visual cortex but through another pathway found in the _____ brain?
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Reptilian or Midbrain
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The ability of athletes to sense other players and make passes without looking is a result of exceptional _____?
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Blind Sight
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In humans, language originates in the ______ side of the brain while motor skills originate in the _____ side?
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Left Right
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The bundle of nerve cells that carries visual information from the eye to the visual cortex is known as the _____?
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Optic Nerve
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Memory that allows us to remember a phone number just long enough to make a call is known as _____ memory?
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Short-Term
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As seen in Jeremy's case, the portion of the brain responsible for short-term memory is the _____?
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Hippocampus
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The type of memory that results from visual, auditory, or olfactory input is known as _____?
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Sensory
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Long-term memory results from a process known as LTP, which stands for ______?
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Long Term Potentiation
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Long-term memory is stored in the columns of neurons found in the ______?
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Cerebral Cortex
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THe part of the brain responsible for integrating short-term memory and long-term memory is the _____ lobe?
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Frontal
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The type of memory that we have conscious awareness of accessing is known as _____ memory?
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Declarative or Explicit
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The type of declarative memory that is associated with words and numbers is known as _____ memory?
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Semantic
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The type of declarative memory that is associated with emotion and sensation is known as _____ memory?
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Episodic or Autobiographical
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The type of memory that is acquired and recalled subconsciouly is known as _____ memory?
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Procedural or Implicit
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Procedural memory is usually associated with motor activities and is acquired through ______ of an activity?
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Repetition
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In the early to mid 1900's, people with mental illness were given a treatment where their frontal lobes were destroyed, a procedure known as prefrontal _____?
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Lobotomy
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The large hippocampi found in London cab drivers are indicators of better than average _____ memory?
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Visual/Spatial
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As seen in the case of Bill the lawyer, the ability to think ahead and and predict consequences of one's actions exists in the _____ lobe of the brain?
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Frontal
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The adding on to animal brains during evolution has resulted in the _____ nature of the human brain?
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Modular
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Sensory memory generally lasts for less than _____?
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One Second
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If not processed further into long-term memory, short- term memory only lasts for a few _____?
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Minutes
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In the 1950's, the drug ______ was developed to help allergies but was found to have a profound effect on people with psychotic diseases?
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Chloropromazine, thorazine
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______ therapy, where an electrical current is passed through the brain and acts as a reset mechanism, is still used today to treat patients with severe depression who fail to respond to all other treatments?
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Electroconvulsive
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______ is a type of mental illness where the patient suffers from severe mood swings of extreme highs and extreme lows?
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Manic Depression
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During a depressive epidsode, the production of the neurotransmitter _____ is deficient?
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Seratonin
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During a manic depression low episode, the production of the neurotranmitter _____ is deficient?
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Seratonin
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_____ a class of drugs, were developed to prevent the removal of serotonin in the synapse?
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Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors SSRIs
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Alzheimer's disease results from the accumulation of protein aggregates in the _____?
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Hippocampus
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The brains of Alzheimer's patients have characteristic _____ plaques and _____, which will prevent neural transmission and eventually cause cell death?
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Amyloid, Protein Fibrils
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