Biol1408 Ch. 18, 19, + 20 Vocab

Front 1

The process of breeding new species by selecting exhibited traits is known as ______.

Back 1

Artificial Selection

Front 2

______ is the accumulation of Inherited changes within populations over time

Back 2

Evolution

Front 3

A ______ is a group of indiviuals of one specides that live in the same geographic area at the same time

Back 3

Population

Front 4

A group of organisms with similar structure, function and behavior that are capable of interbreeding with each other is known of as a ______.

Back 4

Species

Front 5

______ uses the rapid evolution of bacteria and fungi in polluted soils to clean up hazardous waste sites

Back 5

Bioremediation

Front 6

______ was the first to propose that organisms undergo change as a result of aquired changes through out the parent's life. Ex. The giraffe's neck is long because generation after generation way back when started to stretch their neck and passed on the new trait to the offspring.

Back 6

Jean Baptiste de Lamark

Front 7

______ is also known as the Father of Evolution

Back 7

Charles Darwin

Front 8

Darwin's trip in the HMS Beagle brought him to the ______ to study. It was here that he collected data for his theory of evolution.

Back 8

Galapagos Islands

Front 9

______ is the evolutionary modification that improves the chances of survival and reproductive success

Back 9

Adaptation

Front 10

______ proposed that population increases geometrically, and food supply increase arithmetically.

Back 10

Thomas Mathus

Front 11

______ occurs because better adapted species are more likely to thrive and survive in less favourable environments.

Back 11

Natural selection

Front 12

______ is the combination of Darwin's theory of natural selection and Mendal's work's on evolution

Back 12

Modern Synthesis Theory

Front 13

Changes in DNA are also known as ______.

Back 13

Mutations

Front 14

Remains or traces typically left in sedimentary rock by previously existing organisms are ______.

Back 14

Fossils

Front 15

______ are the remains of certain organisms used to identify sedimentary rock.

Back 15

Index Fossils

Front 16

______ provide a means to accurately measure a fossil's age.

Back 16

Radioisotopes

Front 17

As a radioisotope emits radiation, it's nucleus changes into another element. This is known of as ______.

Back 17

Radioactive decay.

Front 18

The time required for 1/2 of the atoms in a radioisotope to decay into another atom is called it's ______.

Back 18

Half life

Front 19

Features that are derived from the same structure in common ancestors are ______.

Back 19

Homologous Features

Front 20

Features that developed independently in unrelated species that serve the same function are ______.

Back 20

Homoplastic features

Front 21

______ occurs when things have the same structures.

Back 21

Homology

Front 22

Independent evolution of similar structures in distantly related organisms through similar environments is ______.

Back 22

Convergent Evolution

Front 23

Structures that are present but seem to have no function or are undersized are ______.

Back 23

Vestigial structures.

Front 24

______ is the study of past and present geographical distribution of organisms.

Back 24

Biogeography

Front 25

In ______, the crust of the earth is slowly moving away from the centre.

Back 25

Continental Drift

Front 26

The movement of crustal plates is ______.

Back 26

Plate tectonics

Front 27

You use ______ to determine the order of nucleotide bases in DNA

Back 27

DNA Sequencing

Front 28

______ Show lines of decent

Back 28

Phylogenetic trees

Front 29

______ are used to determine the time of divergence between species

Back 29

Molecular clocks

Front 30

Evolutionary history of a group of related species is ______.

Back 30

Phylogeny

Front 31

Individuals of the same species that live in a specific area at the same time are collectively known of as a ______.

Back 31

Population

Front 32

An ______ is one or more alternate forms of a gene.

Back 32

Allele

Front 33

The study of genetic variability within a population and the evolutionary forces that act upon it is ______.

Back 33

Population genetics

Front 34

______ is the proportion of a particular genotype in a population

Back 34

Genotype frequencies

Front 35

All the alleles for all the loci present in a population are collectively called the ______. (and it could use a little chlorine)

Back 35

Gene pool

Front 36

The proportion of a particular phenotype in a population is the ______.

Back 36

Phenotype frequency

Front 37

THe proportion of a particular allele in a population is the ______.

Back 37

Allele frequency

Front 38

A population whose allele and genotype frequencies do not change from generation to generation is at ______.

Back 38

Genetic equillibrium

Front 39

The ______: If certain specifications are met, the process of inheritance does not necessarily cause changes in allele frequencies. Shows why dominant phenotypes are not always the most common.

Back 39

Hardy-Weinberg theory

Front 40

______ is the relative ability of an organism to make a genetic contribution to subsequent generations.

Back 40

Fitness

Front 41

______ involves generation to generation changes in alleles r genotype frequencies resulting in small or minor changes over a few generations. Not big.

Back 41

Microevolution

Front 42

______ is the mating of genetically similar individuals in a population.

Back 42

Inbreeding

Front 43

Inbred members of a population tend to have a lower fitness level in a population because of ______.

Back 43

Inbreeding depression

Front 44

Individuals prefer to mate with similar phenotypes because of ______

Back 44

Assortive mating

Front 45

An unpredictable change in DNA is a ______

Back 45

Mutation

Front 46

Production of random evolutionary changes in small breeding population is ______.

Back 46

Genetic drift

Front 47

Fluctuation in the environment cause a population to decrease rapidly, allowing for genetic drift. This is known as ______ because the population is at a steady growth, is then rapidly knocked down, then allowed to rapidly grow back as organisms are given the chance to thrive that normally were suppressed.

Back 47

Bottleneck

Front 48

One or a few individuals leave their population and "found" a new colony in ______. This causes genetic drift.

Back 48

the founder effect

Front 49

______ is the corresponding movement of alleles though migration.

Back 49

Gene flow

Front 50

The mechanism of evolution first proposed by Darwin is ______.

Back 50

Natural Selection