Biochemistry Final

Front 1

A bond angle characteristic of a carbon atom that forms four single bonds is _______ degrees

Back 1

109.5

Front 2

A ________ atom in organic compounds normally forms three covalent bonds and has one unshared electron pair.

Back 2

Nitrogen

Front 3

______ are molecules that share the same formula and have a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule

Back 3

Isomers

Front 4

Isomers have _____ boiling points

Back 4

different

Front 5

The generic formula for straight chain _____ is CnH(2n+2)

Back 5

alkanes

Front 6

Alkenes and alkynes are called _____ compounds because they have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than ______

Back 6

unsaturated, alkanes

Front 7

Some ______ have geometric (cis-trans) isomers because the _____ atoms in the double bond cannot rotate

Back 7

alkEnes, carbon

Front 8

The geometrical shape _____ is associated with the carbon atoms in alkAnes

Back 8

tetrahedral

Front 9

The alcohol ______ is soluble in water

Back 9

ethanol

Front 10

The compound CH3-CH2-SH in the organic family is known as _______

Back 10

thiols

Front 11

The carbonyl group consits of _____ and _____ attached by a double bond

Back 11

carbon and oxygen

Front 12

The functional group ______ can never be terminal. ______ must be terminal

Back 12

ketones, carboxyl

Front 13

When 2-methyl-2butanol undergoes _____ in acid, one product is 2-methyl-2butene

Back 13

dehydration

Front 14

Secondary alcohols undergo _____ to yield a ketone

Back 14

oxidation

Front 15

When a _______ alcohol is strongly oxidized the product is carboxylic acid

Back 15

primary

Front 16

Butanal gives a postitive for ______ test

Back 16

Tollens (aldehyde)

Front 17

In branched alkane we count so as to give the substituent the ____ possible number

Back 17

lowest

Front 18

In a branched alkane we can count from either direction of the _____ chain

Back 18

longest

Front 19

This is the correct order for ________ points aldehydes<_________

Back 19

boiling, alcohols

Front 20

_____ are responsible for the sweet taste of fruits and vegetables

Back 20

esters

Front 21

All _______ have a carbonyl carbon bonded to at least on hydrogen

Back 21

aldehyde

Front 22

The _____ atom in alcohols increases water solubility of the molecule

Back 22

oxygen

Front 23

Adding _______ to 1-pentene in the presence of a a platinum catalyst, produces pentance

Back 23

hydrogen

Front 24

________ is used to convert alkanes to alkenes

Back 24

hydration

Front 25

Water can be added to alkenes to produce ______

Back 25

alcohols

Front 26

In a cic alkene, the groups are on ______ of the double bond

Back 26

same side

Front 27

WHne naming an alkane the main parent chain is the _______ continuous carbon chain regardless of bends

Back 27

longest

Front 28

Organic compounds usually contain carbon, hydrogen, and ____ atoms

Back 28

nonmetal

Front 29

Organic compounds usually have ____ melting and ____ points

Back 29

low, boiling

Front 30

Organic compounds are always ____ water soluble

Back 30

low

Front 31

Carbon has _____ valence electrons

Back 31

four

Front 32

Shampoos , perfumes and plastics are _____ compounds

Back 32

organic

Front 33

A saturated hydrocarbon will have a ______ geometry

Back 33

tetrahedral

Front 34

The combination of _____ and _____ synthesis is called oxidative phosphorylation

Back 34

electron transport, ATP synthesis

Front 35

In electron transport ____ and ____ are used to provide electrons and hydrogen ions

Back 35

NADH + H+, FADH2

Front 36

The reactions by which _____ molecules are broken down into simpler ones for the bodys use are ______ reactions

Back 36

complex, catabolic

Front 37

____ includes reactions in which larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones

Back 37

anabolism

Front 38

Anabolism includes reactions in which carbohydrate utilization _______

Back 38

decreases

Front 39

The term _____ is best defined as the sum of biochemical reactions involved in building breaking down molecules

Back 39

metabolism

Front 40

In the _________ of succinate to fumarate in the citric acid cycle, the coenzyme used is FAD

Back 40

dehydrogenation

Front 41

The coenzyme ______ participates in reactions that produce a C=O bond

Back 41

NAD+

Front 42

____ is a coenzyme which usually participates in formation of carbon carbon double bonds

Back 42

FAD

Front 43

Coenzyme A is a molecule whose function is to activate _____ groups for reaction

Back 43

acyl

Front 44

The last reaction in the citric acid cycle converts malate to ______

Back 44

oxaloacetate

Front 45

The first stage of _____ is digestion of large molecules

Back 45

catabolism

Front 46

The first reaction of ______ acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to give citrate

Back 46

the citric acid cycle

Front 47

The citric acid cycle reaction that removes the first CO2 molecule is a(an)__________

Back 47

oxidation and decarboxylation

Front 48

The middle stage of catabolism is the point at which _______ is produced

Back 48

acetyl-CoA

Front 49

The citric acid cycle takes place in the _____

Back 49

mitochondria

Front 50

Digestion of ____ begins in the mouth

Back 50

carbohydrates

Front 51

In the _____ reaction of the citric acid cycle, NAD+ is converted to NADH + H+

Back 51

third

Front 52

The main compound used to ______ energy for metabolism is adenosine triphosphate

Back 52

release

Front 53

The components of ATP are adenine, _______, and three ______ groups.

Back 53

ribose, phosphate

Front 54

The energy released during electron transport is used to produce ______

Back 54

ATP

Front 55

The major stage of _______ in the citric acid cycle is stage three

Back 55

metabolism

Front 56

Most of the energy in the typical _____ cell is produced in the mitochondria

Back 56

animal

Front 57

In biochemical systems, the term _____ often refers to a gain of hydrogen or electrons by a compound

Back 57

reduction

Front 58

The digestion of ____ begins in the small instestine

Back 58

fats

Front 59

There are ____ main stages of catabolism

Back 59

three

Front 60

The reactions by which ______ molecules are built up for the bodys use are anabolic reactions

Back 60

complex

Front 61

Oxidative phosphorylation produces the most ATP during ______

Back 61

cellular respiration

Front 62

______ and glycerol are produced from the digestion of lipids

Back 62

fatty acids

Front 63

The digestion of ______ produces fatty acids and glycerol

Back 63

lipids