Bio, Physics And Chemistry Definitions

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Acid

Back 1

A proton donor (hydrogen ion - H+) that dissolves in water

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Base

Back 2

A proton acceptor that produces hydroxide (OH-) in solution and only partially dissolves in water

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Alkali

Back 3

A base that is soluble (is able to dissolve) in water

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Strength

Back 4

How quickly an acid/alkali dissociates in water

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Concentration

Back 5

The amount of water compared to the amount of ions in a substance

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Atom

Back 6

The smallest particle of an element

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Atomic Number

Back 7

The amount of protons OR electrons in an atom (# of protons = # of electrons)

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Mass Number

Back 8

The amount of protons AND neutrons in an atom, is always the bigger number.

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Ion

Back 9

"Atoms form ions by losing or gaining electrons to create a full stable valence shell". An ion is an atom with all of its shells completely full.

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Proton

Back 10

A positively charged particle

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Neutron

Back 11

A particle with no charge

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Electron

Back 12

A negatively charged particle

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Speed

Back 13

The rate at which an object travels in a certain amount of time

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Deceleration / Acceleration

Back 14

The rate at which an object changes it speed

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Mass

Back 15

The amount of matter in an object

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Weight

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The forces acting on an object due to gravity

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Friction Force (Drag)

Back 17

The force that opposes motion

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Conductors

Back 18

Substances that allow the flow of charged particles through them.

E.g: Metals (copper, platinum)

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Insulators

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Substances that do not allow the flow of electrons through them.

E.g: Plastic, wood

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Current

Back 20

The flow of electric charge (electrons) in a conductor (I).

The measure of current flow is the Ampere (Amp/A)

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Coulomb

Back 21

The unit of electric charge (C)

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Voltage

Back 22

The measure of the electrical potential energy difference between any two points in a circuit (V).

Is measured in Volts.

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Resistance

Back 23

The measure of how a component in a circuit resists the flow of electrons ( R ).

Is measured in Ohms (Ω).

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Variation

Back 24

The differences between individuals in a population

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Acquired Characteristic

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Characteristics that are caused by an environment

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Inherited Characteristic

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Characteristics that are cause by alleles from parents

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Gamete

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Sex cell (egg- female sperm- male)

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Zygote

Back 28

A fertilised sex cell

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Embryo

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A divided zygote

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Gene

Back 30

Section of a chromosome that holds the genetic code for one characteristic

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Allele

Back 31

Variation of a gene that holds the genetic code for a trait

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Cell

Back 32

Smallest part of a living organism

E.g: red blood cell, nerve cell

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Tissue

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A group of specialised cells that carry out a particular job.

E.g: muscle tissue, nerve tissue

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Organelle

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Small part of a cell with a particular job to do

E.g: necleus

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Organ

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A group of different tissues that work together to carry out a job in a system.

E.g: heart, brain

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Organ System

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A group of different organs that work together to carry out a specific life process.

E.g: respiration system, circulatory system

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Breathing

Back 37

Inhaling and exhaling air, occurs in lungs

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Respiration

Back 38

The process of making energy, occurs in cells