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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Florine |
most reactive non-metal |
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Francimus |
most reactive metal |
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Metalloids |
-have characteristics of both metals anad non-metals -near staircase |
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Decompostition |
when a compound breaks down into its elements - compound = element + element |
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Metals |
-solids @ SATP - shiny - ductile - good conductors - lose electrons to form positive ions |
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Ionic Compounds |
metal + non-metal -form when metals "lend" electrons and non-metals "accept" electrons
all are solids at room temperature - tend to dissolve in water (soluble) - always conduct electricity (conductors) |
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Alkaline Earth Metals |
-Group IIA metals -Light reactive metals that form oxide coatings when exposed |
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Element |
can't be broken down into simpler components |
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Molecules |
more than one of the same type of element combing with itself ex. S8 = sulphur |
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John Alexander Newlands |
noticed some properties recurring over and over again - he called this Periods Law |
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Chemical Properties |
-formation of a gas -formation of a percipitate -energy is released (exothermic) -energy in needed (endothermic) |
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Physical Change |
no new substances are formed and a change in state or shape |
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Chemical Change |
new substance with different properties is formed |
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Mass Numbers |
sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom |
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Actinides |
atomic |
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Lanthonides |
atomic numbers 58-71 |
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Alkai Metals |
- Group I metals - Soft silver coloured metals that react violently w/H2O to form basic solutions |
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Quantitative |
involves the measurments of matter ex. length or mass of substances |
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Period |
elements in horizontal rows - these elements change from metals to non-metals |
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Halogens |
-group VIIA metals -highly reactive |
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Transition Metals |
-elements in group 3 to 12 (B groups) -exhibit a wide range of properties |
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Newtons First Law |
-an object at rest will remain at rest -an object in motion will remain in motion, unless acted upon by a net external force |
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Atomic Mass |
average mass based on all icotopes of the elements |
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Qualitative |
describes the characteristics of matter ex. colour, odour, physical state |
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Icotopes |
elements that have the same atomic number but different atomic masses ex. chlorine contains 18 neutrons, while others have 20n. Both will have 17p |
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Non-Metals |
solids, liquids, and gases - gain electrons to form positive ions - brittle - poor conductors - lack luster |
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Group |
-elements in vertical collums have similar properties -reactivity increase top to bottom from groups 1 and 2 -reactivity decreases top to bottom from groups 17 and 18 |
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Mass |
- the amount of matter in a substance - does not change from location to location |
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Physical Properties |
appearance - texture - colour - odour - melting point - boiling point - density - solubility - polarity |
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Volocity |
the rate of motion and the direction of an object
vector quantity |
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Displacement |
is a measurement of the change in distance and the direction of a object from a reference point
vector quantity |
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Distance |
is a measurement of the change in distance of an object from a starting point to a reference point
scalor quantity |
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Vector Quantity |
indicates the magnitude and the direction of the quantity |
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Scalor Quantity |
only indicates "how much" (magnitude) of a quantity |
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Speed |
the rate at which distance changes with respect to time |
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Uniform Motion |
occurs when the rate at which the motion occurs is constant |
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Distance |
is the length of the straight line connecting the position of the object to the reference point |
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Position |
location of an object compared tot hat of a reference point |
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Physics |
science that studies matter, energy, and how they interact |
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Motion |
occurs when the distance of an object changes in length or direction |
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Law of Therodynamics |
the total amount of energy in a system and its surroundings remains constant |
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Law of Conservation of Energy |
the total amount of energy in any given situation remains constant |
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Kinetic Energy |
energy of motion |
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Gravitational Potential Energy |
the potential energy an object has due to the change in height |
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Mechanical Energy |
energy due to the motion and position of an object
it includes potential and kinetic energy |
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elastic energy |
stored energy due to stretching or compressing |
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Electric Potential Energy |
uses the force of attraction between charded atoms
Ep = vq |
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Chemical Potential Energy |
stores chemical energy in the form of chemical bonds |
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Energy |
-the ability to do work -scalor quantity -units are jewles (J) |
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Work |
its done on an object when a force moves the object through a distance in the direction of the force |
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Force |
-a push or pull of an object -vector quantity |
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Q |
is the amount of thermal energy absorbed or released when the temperature of a specific mass of a substance changes by a certain number of degrees |
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Specific heat capacity (c) |
the amount of energy required to raise one gram of a substance by 1 degrees C -all substances absorb or release energy at different rate because of specific heat capacity -larger the heat capacity of a substance, the longer it takes to increase the temperature of that substance |
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Combustion |
always involves oxygen
oxidization and hydrocarbon combustion |
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Double Replacement Reaction |
when two different compounds react to form two new different compounds |
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Molecular Compound Prefixes |
mono - 1 di - 2 tri - 3 tetra - 4 penta - 5 hexa - 6 hepta - 7 octa - 8 nona - 9 deca - 10 |
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Noble Gases |
- generally unreactive - group VIIA (18) |
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SATP |
standard ambient temperature and pressure |
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Molecular compounds |
non-metal + non-metal |
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heterogeneous |
can see the individual parts |
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Homogeneous |
it's uniform, you cannot see the individual parts |
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Atom |
smallest part of an element which still has the characteristics of an element |
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Formation |
forming a compound from its element
element + element = compound |
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Theoretical Knowledge |
explains science in terms of ideas and theories
NOT OBSERVABLE |
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Single Replacement Reaction |
when an element and a compound react to form a new element and a new compound
element + compound = compound + element |
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Conservation of Mass |
states that the, in a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants is always equal to the total mass of the products |
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Newtons Second Law |
the force applied to an object is directly proportional to its mass and acceleration |
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Speed |
describes the rate of motion of an object and is scalor |
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Empirical Knowledge |
knowledge obtained through your senses |
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Compounds |
contain more than one type atom combined in a definite proportion |
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Acceleration |
the rate at which volocity changes in respect to time and is vector |
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Chemistry |
deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed |
