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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A fossil is defined as any evidence of an organism from |
at least 10,000 years ago.
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The abundant remains of ammonites in Oklahoma indicate |
that Oklahoma was in the past covered by a shallow ocean. |
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Relative dating uses ______ to estimate how old a fossil is.
|
depth within rock layers |
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Absolute dating uses ______ to estimate how old a fossil is. |
radioactive isotopes |
|
If an isotope's half-life is 100 years, then |
in 100 years only half of the atoms in a sample of that isotope will remain. |
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Earth once consisted of a single large landmass and one ocean. The landmass is named |
Pangaea |
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If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect common ancestry, these structures are |
homologous. |
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If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect independent evolution, these structures are |
analogous |
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If a structure has no apparent function in one species, yet is homologous to a functional organ in another species, this structure is termed |
vestigial |
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A gene that when mutated leads to organisms with structures in abnormal places is termed |
homeotic. |
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The half life of 14C is 5,730 years. 11,460 years after an organism dies what percent of the initial 14C will still be present in the organism bones? |
25% |
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The fossil record indicates that at one time marsupials were common to both Australia and South America, but today most South American marsupials have become extinct. The most probable explanation for marsupials being common to Australia yet not very common to South America today is that |
South American marsupials were displaced by placental mammals when a land bridge formed between North America and South America about seven million years ago. |
|
The wings of a bat and a bird are examples of |
homologous structures. |
|
The wings of a bat and an insect are examples of |
analogous structures. |
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The femur in a snake and pelvis in a whale are examples of |
vestigial structures. |
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The observation that most aquatic animals, like fish, penguins, and whales, all have streamlined bodies and fins or flippers for steering are a result of |
convergent evolution. |
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Amphibians, birds, and mammals look the most similar as _____. |
embryos |
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The number of differences between cytochrome c of humans and cytochrome c of other organisms is as follows: Rhesus monkey - 1 difference; pigeon - 12 differences; fruit fly - 24 differences. The order in which these species are most similar to humans is |
Rhesus monkey, pigeon, fruit fly. |
|
Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge? |
They can no longer mate and exchange mutated genes. |
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Evolution occurs in |
species. |
|
Earth's history spans about 4.6 billion years. |
True
|
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The abundant presence of ammonite fossils in a large area indicates that the area was once part of an ocean. |
True |
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The fossil record is often incomplete, simply because scientists will never be able to discover some of the fossils that are buried deep in the earth. |
True |
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Skeletal organization relating to limbs used for movement in vertebrates would be an example of analogous structures. |
False |
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Skeletal organization relating to limbs used for movement in vertebrates would be an example of homologous structures. |
True
|
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The techniques used to study molecular evolution are based on the comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among species. |
True
|
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What is needed to estimate species relatedness with a molecular clock? |
All answers are correct. |
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Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution? |
All answers are correct. |
|
Which of the following is NOT a vestigial structure in humans? |
thumbs |
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Which of the following is NOT evidence that supports evolutionary theory? |
analogous structures |
|
A species that is so important to its community that its removal can dismantle a food web (such as sea otters) is termed a |
keystone species. |
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Abiotic components of an ecosystem include |
nonliving components only. |
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The physical place where members of a population live is termed a |
habitat. |
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When two or more species vie for the same limited resource, ______ occurs. |
competition |
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In ______, multiple species use the same resource in a slightly different way or at a different time. |
resource partitioning |
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A relationship between different species in which one species lives in or on another is |
symbiosis. |
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A type of symbiosis in which both species benefit is |
mutualism. |
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A type of symbiosis in which one member of the relationship benefits and the other is harmed is |
parasitism. |
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A ______ makes up a small portion of the community by weight, yet exerts a disproportionate influence on community diversity. |
keystone species |
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In ecology, a community that remains fairly constant over time is referred to as a |
climax community. |
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Species that are the first to colonize an area are termed |
pioneer species. |
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An organism's ______ is its position in the food chain relative to the ecosystem's energy source. |
trophic level |
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As an overall average, about ______ of the energy at one trophic level is generally available to the next highest rank in the food chain. |
ten percent |
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You go on a canoe trip to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) in Northern Minnesota. This ecosystem is cold most of the year and receives plenty of rainfall. It has many lakes that are full of walleye pike fish. You know that walleye like to eat minnows. In turn the minnows feed on scuds (zooplankton) which eat algae (phytoplankton). |
resource partitioning |
|
Why are top-level predators like lions and eagles so rare in a community? |
Only a small amount of the energy is passed from one trophic level to the next. |
|
Lichens live on the side of trees, obtaining better access to sunlight, and produce no harm to the tree. This is an example of |
commensalism. |
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The concentration of the pesticide DDT is likely highest in which of the following? |
a seagull |
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Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which neither member of the relationship benefits. |
False |
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Lichens and mosses that can grow on and erode rock would be considered pioneer species. |
True |
|
The different seasons of the year are caused by |
the tilt of the Earth's axis as the Earth travels around the Sun. |
|
The rain shadow associated with mountains |
is on the downwind side and has a drier climate than the upwind side of the mountain. |
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Trees that lose only a few leaves at a time are |
coniferous trees. |
|
The taiga |
consists of mostly coniferous trees. |
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of tundra? |
contains conifers |
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Along coastlines, the area between high tide and low tide is the |
intertidal zone. |
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Scientists reported that hurricane intensity has increased over the past 35 years, coinciding with increasing sea temperature. At the equator, the Earth receives the |
maximum amount of solar radiation per unit area. |
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Within convection cells, warm moist air rises from the equator and descends at 20-30 degrees from the equator. Convection cells are partially responsible for the distribution of which two biomes? |
tropical rain forests and subtropical deserts |
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Which of the following biomes would you predict to be dependent on fire to prevent succession by trees? |
grassland |
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What is a challenge that organisms living in an estuary face that other aquatic organisms normally do not face? |
daily changes in salinity |
|
Coral obtains energy |
by capturing and digesting small animals and through symbiosis with photosynthetic algae. |
|
Examples of terrestrial biomes are grasslands, forests, lakes, and deserts. |
False |
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The "rain shadow" of a mountain is found on the leeward side of the mountain. |
True |
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All deserts are characterized by hot, dry climates. |
False |
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Streams lead to rivers that carry water and sediment toward the ocean or an interior basin. |
True |
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Which of the following is NOT a component of a tropical marine community? |
sunlight |
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Which of the following are abiotic interactions in an ecosystem? |
None of the answers are abiotic interactions. |
|
The diversity in a kelp forest community can be measured by |
the number of different species of living organisms in the community. |
|
In a decidous forest, for example, succession will always increase species richness. |
False |
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The primary cause for loss of biodiversity is |
habitat destruction. |
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How are extinctions related to biodiversity? |
The more extinctions, the lower the species biodiversity. |
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What is the benefit of biodiversity to humans? |
All answers are correct. |
|
The zebra mussel and the gypsy moth are native species of North America. |
False |
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Humans can survive on Earth without biodiversity. |
False |
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A species that humans bring to an area where it did not previously occur is |
an exotic species. |
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Carbon dioxide gas is not a major contributor to the greenhouse effect. |
False |
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Overexploitation is harvesting a species faster than it can reproduce. |
True |
|
The study of an organism's structure is |
anatomy. |
|
The study of the function of all of the body's parts is |
physiology. |
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Groups of cells that interact and provide a specific function are defined as which of the following? |
tissue |
|
The different types of animal tissue include |
All answers are correct. |
|
The tissue type that acts as a lining of organs, and also serves in absorption and secretion, and conducts gas diffusion is |
epithelial. |
|
The tissue type that provides support, transport, and insulation is |
connective. |
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The tissue type that receives, processes, and transmits information by providing a communication network among cells is |
nervous |
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The tissue type that provides contractions that power movement is |
muscle |
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The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of flattened cells is |
simple squamous. |
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The type of epithelial tissue that forms a multiple layer of flattened cells is |
stratified squamous. |
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The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of cube-shaped cells is |
simple cuboidal. |
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The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of elongated cells is |
simple columnar. |
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The type of connective tissue that stores lipids in fat cells is |
adipose. |
|
The type of connective tissue with a matrix of fine collagen fibers is |
cartilage. |
|
The type of connective tissue with a mineralized extracellular matrix is |
bone. |
|
The primary function of muscle tissue is |
contraction |
|
Muscle tissue that is under voluntary control and contains cells with many nuclei is |
skeletal. |
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Muscle tissue that is controlled involuntarily and has no striations is |
smooth. |
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The systems that coordinate communication are |
nervous and endocrine. |
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The systems that support and move the body are |
skeletal and muscular. |
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The systems that work together to protect the body are |
integumentary, immune, and urinary. |
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The body's first line of defense against disease-causing microorganisms is |
the intact skin. |
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Blood vessels are lined by a single layer of flattened cells. Which type of cells line a blood vessel? |
simple squamous |
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Patients with muscular dystrophy have decreased voluntary motion, while involuntary motions remain normal. Which tissues are affected by muscular dystrophy? |
skeletal muscle only |
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You are a CSI pathologist performing an autopsy on a known drug dealer who recently died of unknown causes. You need to decide if the death was due to natural causes, or if the drug dealer was murdered. Analysis of the blood revealed elevated urea (acidic) and potassium (a salt). Examination of the kidney reveals scarring and damage to the simple squamous cells in the glomeruli, while the simple cuboidal cells in the tubules are normal. You do a search online and find that heroin use can lead to acute renal failure. You conclude that the death was drug related. |
secrete and absorb substances |
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An organ is defined as consisting of two or more interacting tissues. |
True |
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A tissue is defined as a group of interacting cells that provide a specific function. |
True |
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Epithelial tissues never have a free surface exposed to a space inside the body. |
False |