Bio Exam 3

Front 1

glycolysis is an ______ reaction

Back 1

exergonic

Front 2

the activation of tyrosine -kinase receptors is characterized by

Back 2

aggregation and phosphorylation

Front 3

when electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs?

Back 3

the pH of the matrix increases

Front 4

a concentration gradient is a form of

Back 4

potential energy

Front 5

g protein is inactivated when

Back 5

it hydrolyzes its GTP to GDP

Front 6

a redox reaction involves the transfer of an

Back 6

electrons

Front 7

phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinase are useful for cellular signal transduction because

Back 7

they amplify the original signal many fold

Front 8

which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis

Back 8

H2O>NADPH>calvin cycle

Front 9

what is the reducing agent in the following reaction: pyruvate + nadph + H+ > lactate + NAD+

Back 9

NADH

Front 10

most of the energy that enters electron transport chain eneters as

Back 10

FADH2 and NADH

Front 11

g protein is activated when ______ attaches to it

Back 11

GTP

Front 12

in fermentation ______ is ______.

Back 12

NADH is oxidized

Front 13

in what respect are the photosynthetic adaptations of C4 plants and CAM plants similar

Back 13

in both cases an enzyme other than rubisco carries out the first steps of carbon fixation

Front 14

under arid conditions C4 plants fix carbon dioxide more efficiently than C3 plants because C4 plants

Back 14

use ATP to fix carbon dioxide

Front 15

the light reactions of photosynthesis supply the calvin cycle with

Back 15

ATP and NADPH

Front 16

the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in oxidative phosphorylation is

Back 16

oxygen

Front 17

the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase is directly activated by

Back 17

protein kinases

Front 18

the immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation is

Back 18

a difference in of H+ concentration on opposite sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane

Front 19

which of the statements concerning the breakdown of glucose to CO2 and water are true

Back 19

the breakdown of glucose is exergonic; adding electrons to another substance is known as reduction

Front 20

binding of a signal molecule to which type of receptor leads to a change in membrane potential

Back 20

ligand-gated ion channel

Front 21

which metabolic pathway is common in both fermentation and cellular respiration

Back 21

glycolysis

Front 22

where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion

Back 22

inner membrane

Front 23

which of the following is not considered a secondary messenger

Back 23

GTP

Front 24

the color of light least effective in driving photosynthesis is

Back 24

green

Front 25

which of the following statements regarding events in the functioning of photosystem 2 is false

Back 25

the P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADPH, which is thus converted to NADP+

Front 26

during aerobic cellular respiration a proton gradient in mitochondria will be generated by______ and used primarily for _______

Back 26

the electron transport chain; ATP synthesis

Front 27

the calvin cycle requires all of the following except

Back 27

glucose

Front 28

what must muscle cells do to keep contacting

Back 28

regenerate at a very fast rate

Front 29

what could happen to target cells sin an animal that lack receptors for local regulators

Back 29

they would not expected to multiply in response to growth factors from nearby cells

Front 30

plants that fix CO2 into organic acids when the stoma are open and carry out the calvin cyle during the day are called

Back 30

CAM plants

Front 31

All of the following statements about NAD+ are true except

Back 31

NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH

Front 32

the general name for an enzyme that transfers phosphate gropes from ATP to a protein is

Back 32

protein kinase

Front 33

from the perspective of the cell receiving the message the three stages of cell signaling are

Back 33

reception, transduction, respnonse

Front 34

the Krebs cycle produces which of the following molecules that then transfer energy to the electron transport system

Back 34

FADH2 and NADH

Front 35

muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to _______ and in this step gain _______.

Back 35

lactate; NAD+

Front 36

in addition to ATP what are the end products of glycolysis

Back 36

NADH and pyruvate

Front 37

in yeast the two sexes are called

Back 37

a and alpha

Front 38

which of the following are products of the light reactions that are utilized in the Calvin cycle

Back 38

ATP and NADP

Front 39

all of the following statements about glycolysis are true except

Back 39

the end products of glycolysis are CO2 and H2O

Front 40

in plant cells, ATP is made in response to light. an electron transport chain is found in the

Back 40

thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

Front 41

the process of transduction usually begins

Back 41

when the signal molecule changes the receptor protein in some way

Front 42

as a research scientist you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the calvin cycle in one hour. you find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH. where did the extra ATP molecules come from?

Back 42

cyclic electron flow

Front 43

in general a signal transmitted via phosphorylation of a series of proteins

Back 43

brings a conformational change to each protein

Front 44

which of the following statements bet represents the relationship between the light reactions and the calvin cycle

Back 44

the light reactions provide ATP and NADPH, and the cycle provides it with ADP and Pi and NADP+

Front 45

chemical signal pathways

Back 45

usually involve signal molecules binding to a target cell surface protein

Front 46

which of the following is true of synaptic signaling and hormone signaling

Back 46

hormone signaling is important between cells that are greater distances apart than in synaptic signaling

Front 47

noncyclic photophosphorylation uses light energy to synthesize

Back 47

ATP and NADPH

Front 48

all of the following are directly associated with photosystem 1 except

Back 48

photolysis

Front 49

inside an active mitochondrion most electrons follow which pathway?

Back 49

Krebs>NADH>electron transport chain>oxygen

Front 50

all of the following are functions of the kreb cycle except

Back 50

adding electrons and protons to oxygen to form water

Front 51

ligand-gated ion channels

Back 51

lead to changes in sodium and calcium concentrations in cells

Front 52

CAM plants can keep stomates closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water they can do this because they

Back 52

fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

Front 53

most signal molecules

Back 53

bind to specific site on receptor proteins in a membrane; are water soluble

Front 54

carbon skeletons to be broken down during cellular respiration can be obtained from

Back 54

lipids; proteins; polysaccharides

Front 55

the reaction center chlorophyll of photosystem 1 is known as P700 because

Back 55

this pigment is best at absorbing light with wavelength of 700nm

Front 56

transcription factors

Back 56

control which genes are turned on to form mRNA

Front 57

what is the primary function of the light reaction of photosynthesis

Back 57

to produce ATP and NADPH

Front 58

the ability of a single ligand binding to a receptor protein to trigger several pathways

Back 58

is a key difference between the tyrosine-kinase and g protein linked receptor systems

Front 59

which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

Back 59

photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules while respiration releases it

Front 60

the signaling system in an animal cell lacking the ability to produce GTP

Back 60

would not be able to activate and inactivate the g protein on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane