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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of metabolic reactions are the "synthesis" reactions?
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Anabolic Reactions
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What type of metabolic reactions are the "break down" reactions?
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Catabolic reactions
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What are the two types of exocytosis?
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Constitutive and Regulated
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What are the three types of endocytosis
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Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis, Receptor Mediated Endocytosis
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Name two different types of synapses
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Exitatory and Inhibitory
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What is the importance of the Cyclic Flow of Electrons
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It allows the cell to make more ATP by letting a pair of electrons continue the path from photosystem I to ferradoxin, to cytochrome complex, toplastocynanine, and back to the chlorphyll molecule in photosystem one.
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What are the stages of photosynthesis?
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Absorption of Light
Electron transport ATP Generation Carbon FIxation |
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Where does photosynthesis take place?
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On the thylakoids in the chloroplasts
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The build of a proton gradient happens where in the chloroplast?
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In the lumen of the thylakoids
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What are the products from one turn of the Calvin Cycle?
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Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate (G3P)
6NADP+ 9ADP |
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What enzyme is is used to fixate carbon dioxide?
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RUBISCO
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What is the ratio of ATP/NADPH for every CO2 consumed in the calvin cycle
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3/2
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What is the term for oxygen reacting with RuBP in the calvin cycle
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photorespiration
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Which type of plants contain Mesophyll cells along with bundle sheath cells
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C4 plants
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What is the enzyme responsible in the C4 cycle?
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PEP carboxylase
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In order for rubisco to receieve CO2 in order to carry out the Calvin cycle in C4 plants, what pathway must it go through?
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Hatch-Slack Cylce
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What is the difference between CAM plants and C4 plants?
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CAM plants run their cycles at different times of the day. C4 cycle at night, and the Calvin Cycle in the day. They stockpile CO2 when rubisco is inactive.
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Where does the calvin cycle take place?
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In the STROMA of the chloroplast
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Where on/in the thylakoid is photosystem I and II located?
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Photosystem II is located within the membrane of the thylakoid, and Photosystem I is located on the exterior of the granum.
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How does carbon dioxide enter the plant?
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Through the stomata
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What are the three phases of the calvin cycle
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Carbon Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration of CO2 acceptor
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What is the process in which electrons are taken from water in photosynthesis?
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Photolysis
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What are the two ways energy can be released when a electron returns back to its ground state in photosynthesis?
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Energy can be released as Heat or Fluorescence
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The electron transport chain from plastoquinone to NADP+ reductase is what type of electron flow
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Non-cyclic electron flow
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How many ATP is produced during from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation?
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36 ATP
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What are the two types of Fermentation
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Lactic Acid and Alcohol
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What is the purpose of Fermentation?
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To regenerate NAD+ from stockpiles of NADH
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When does the cell go through Fermentation?
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When there is no oxygen present
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What type of muscles go through fermentation?
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Skeletal Muscles
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What cycle describes glucose being regenerated from lactic acid?
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The Cori Cycle
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What is the balance sheet for KREBS CYCLE?
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6 NADH
2 FADH2 2 ATP |
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Where does the KREBS CYCLE take place at?
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In the matrix of the mitachondria
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The process in which ATP is made from the diffusion of protons is called...
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Chemiosmosis
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Where are protons being pumped in oxidative phosphorylation?
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Through the inner membrane space of the mitochondria.
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What is the enzyme that attaches Coenzyme A to pyruvate?
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase Complex
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What are the reactants of the first step of the Krebs cycle?
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Acetyl coA, Oxaloacetate, and Citrate synthase
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What are the two types of enzyme substrate interaction?
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Lock and Key fit, and Induced Fit
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What are the two types of reversible inhibition
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Non-competitive and competitive
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What site do substrates bind to in non competitive inhibition
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Allosteric site
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What is it called when intermediates bind to the allosteric site?
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Feedback inhibition
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