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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A. Jean Baptiste Lamarck
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1. Early 1800s
2. First to develop theory of evolution 3. 3 ideas 4. - organisms make a conations effort to improve 5. – improving causes body structures to develop- others waste away 6. – once a structure is changed it is inherited by an offspring 7. ideas were wrong |
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B. August Weisman
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1. German biologist
2. 1889 3. Showed Lamarck’s ideas were wrong |
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C. Charles Darwin
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1. 1800s- son of a very wealthy physician
2. Did not like medicine at all- loved botany and biology 3. Voyage of HMS Beagle- 5 year trip around the world- Darwin went along as the naturalist- he took detailed notes 4. upon his return in 1836- scientific community was excited about his data |
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D. Thomas Malthus
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1. 1776- 1834- English Economist
2. wrote a book on population and society 3. “Human pop. Growing unchecked and would double every 25 years 4. “Humans will be involved in a struggle for existence- competing for limited resources 5. This book greatly helped Darwin |
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E. Darwin’s work
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1. 1844- he wrote a paper on his new theory of natural selection
2. his theory is natural selection |
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F. Four major points
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1. Variations exists among individuals of a population
2. Some variations are favorable 3. Those that survive and reproduce are those usually have the best favorable traits and variations 4. Over a long period of time these small traits accumulate and populations change |
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G. Natural Selection
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1. Nature and the environment select those individuals with the best chance to survive
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H. Adaptation
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an inherited trait that increases chance of survival
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I. The origin of Species
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1. Book written by Charles Darwin in 1859
2. clearly and logically presented the idea of natural selection and it affect on evolution 3. This book changed biology forever |
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J. Population
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a group of individuals that belong to a certain species live in a certain area and breed with others in that group
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K. Genetics has helped to explain and understand Darwin’s ideas
L. Updating Darwin’s Ideas |
1. natural selection causes changes with in populations
2. a. microevolution- changes that happen with in a species over time |
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M. Isolation Leads to species Formation
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1. Australia
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N. Extinction Leads to Species replacement
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1. As dinosaurs died and became extinct humans replaced them
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O. Evidence for Macroevolution
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1. Fossils- remains or evidence of ancient life bones, teeth, shells, imprint, footprint
2. Niche- the way of life of an organism and its use of the environment 3. Paleontologist- scientist who studies ancient life and fossils |
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Q. Chemical evidence of changes
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1. similar amino acids, proteins, chemical, show similarities and differences
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R. Anatomy/ Physical Evidence
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1. Homologous structures- similar structures function
2. Vestigial structure- structure that don’t serve any purpose or function anymore 3. a. Coccyx- tail bone 4. b. Appendix- 5. Embryonic development |
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1. Directional Selection
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2. a. Environmental conditions favor curtain individuals which cause a general population change
3. b. Peppered Moth story |
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4. Disruptive Selection
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5. a. the most common phenotype is selected against
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6. Stabilizing Selection
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7. a. favors individuals with average phenotypes
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8. Genetic Drift
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9. A. an accidental change in gene frequency
10. b. tends to affect small populations rather then large ones 11. c. Grass fire- destroys all white flowers- next year the Field has mostly red flowers |
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T. Divergent Evolution
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1. When isolated populations evolve independently
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U. Adaptive Radiation
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many related species evolve from a common ancestral species
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V. Adaptive Convergence
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1. Convergent evolution
2. When different species become structurally more similar over time 3. Shark and whale becoming more and more similar |