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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are three overlapping functions the nervous system perform? |
sensory input integration motor output |
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Sensory input |
receive information from receptors. (blood pressure receptors, stepping on a nail (detect changes in the body.) |
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Neural integration |
process incoming information and determine appropriate response ( the CNS) |
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Motor Output |
send commands to effectors that carry out the bodys responses. |
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Two Major anatomical subdivisions of the Nervous System |
Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System |
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Central Nervous System |
brain and spinal cord, enclosed body coverings, neurons carry info in bundles called tracts. |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
nerve ganglion |
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Nerve |
bundle of axons in connective tissue |
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Ganglion |
knotlike swelling of cell bodies in a nerve *motor nerves carry info out to effector/target organs *sensory nerves carry from sensory receptors into the CNS. |
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Sensory ( afferent) Division (RECEPTORS TO CNS) |
Visceral sensory division Somatic sensory division |
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Visceral Sensroy Division |
carries sensory info from visceral organs |
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Somatic sensory Division |
carries sensory info from skin, muscles, bones and joints |
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Motor (efferent) DIvision (CNS TO EFFECTORS) |
somatic motor divison autonomic nervous system |
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somatic motor divison |
carries signals to skeletal muscles, under voluntary control |
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Autonomic Nervous System |
carries signals to glands, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle under involuntary control |
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Three functional types of neurons |
-motor neurons -sensory neurons -interneurons |
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parts of the neuron |
-soma -dendrites -axon |
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soma |
cell body = perikaryon contains the nucleus and most other organelles |
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dendrites |
receives inputs from other neurons, receptive end of the neuron |
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axon |
conduct electrical signals down to their end, the axon terminal |
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myelinated axons |
makes the signal travel faster |
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Schwann Cells |
from the myelin sheaths on axons in the PNS |
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oligodendrocytes |
form myelin sheaths on axons in the CNS |
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astocytes |
form the blood brain barrier cover entire brain grey matter |
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microglia |
phagocytes that clean up the nervous tissue |
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ependymal cells |
produce cerebral spinal fluid |
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Satellite cells |
unknown function found only in the PNS |
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hyperpolarized |
not excited cells. |
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depolarization (excited state) |
a reduction in the resting membrane potential when the inside of the cell becomes more positive. occurs when voltage gated channels like Na+ channel open |
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hyper-polarization ( inhibited state) |
an increase in the resting membrane potential when the inside of the cells becomes more negative. this occurs when voltage gated channels like K+ channels open. |
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repolarization |
due to the opening of K+ channels and the efflux of K+ ions |
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Electrical Synapse |
cells are connected by gap junctions, intracellular channels, that allow ions to flow from one cell to another, allows or rapid electrical transmission between cells, mainly found in the invertebrate. |
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Chemical Synapse |
a chemical (neurotransimmter) is released from the presynaptic neuron and diffuses across a small space to control the activity of the post synaptic cell. |
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4 types of Neurotransmitters |
-acetylcholine -amino acid transmitters -monoamines -neuropeptides |
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acetylcholine |
formed from acetic acid and choline |
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monoamines |
catecholamines (epi, NE, and dopamine) indolamines (serotonin and histamine) |
