Bio. Ch. 17 Classification

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2 million

Back 1

Approximately how many species on earth have already been identified?

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40 million

Back 2

Approximately how many species do scientists estimate inhabit the earth?

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tropical rain forest, oceans, caves

Back 3

Name the three locations where scientists feel many new species are yet to be discovered.

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taxonomy

Back 4

The field of biology that deals with classifying organisms

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Aristotle

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A Greek philosopher known for being the first to classify living organisms

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Linnaeus

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Last name of scientist known as the 'Father of Modern Taxonomy'

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morphology

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term for the form and structure of an organism

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taxon

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A taxonomic group into which related organisms are placed

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Latin

Back 9

Main language used for the names of taxa

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kingdom

Back 10

The broadest taxa of the seven levels of classification

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species

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The most specific taxa of the seven levels of classification

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domain

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The newest, 8th level of taxa; placed above kingdom

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division

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Taxa used in the plant kingdom in place of phylum

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genus species

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The two taxa used to write a scientific name

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binomial nomenclature

Back 15

the two-name naming system used to create scientific names for each species

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genus

Back 16

The part of a scientific name in which the first letter needs to be capitalized

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species

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The part of a scientific name in which the whole word needs to be lowercase

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underlined

Back 18

When hand-writing a scientific name, you need to do this to both words

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italics

Back 19

When typing a scientific name, you need to do this to both words

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dichotomous key

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A tool that allows a person to find the scientific name of a species by answering a series of two-answer questions

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phylogeny

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The evolutionary history of an organism

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systematics

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The branch of phylogenic classification that uses a phylogenic tree to show relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms

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cladistics

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The new system of phylogenic classification that uses a cladogram to show relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms

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cladogram

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A phylogenic model that uses shared derived characters to establish evolutionary relationships

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Eubacteria

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The kingdom which contains true bacteria

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peptidoglycan

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Organisms in kingdom Eubacteria have cell walls made of this material

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bacilli

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Term for rod-shaped bacteria

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cocci

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Term for spherical bacteria

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spirilla

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Term for spiral bacteria

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Archaebacteria

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The kingdom which contains ancient bacteria

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chemosynthesis

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Process in which some bacteria can create their own food without needing sunlight

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thermoacidophiles

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Type of archaebacteria that live in extremely hot, acidic water

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methanogens

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Type of archaebacteria that are obligate anaerobes, in which free oxygen kills them

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halophiles

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Type of archaebacteria that live in extremely salty environments

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binary fission

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Process in which bacteria split in half to reproduce

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transformation

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Process in which bacteria acquire new DNA from their environment

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conjugation

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Process in which bacteria acquire new DNA from other bacteria through sex pili

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transduction

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Process in which bacteria acquire DNA plasmids from bacteriophage viruses

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Protista

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Kingdom nicknamed the Ash and Trash Kingdom for the miscellaneous organisms that are grouped together

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cilia, flagella, pseudopodia

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Three structures used by protists for movement

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protozoans

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Name for animal-like protists

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algae

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Name for plant-like protists

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chitin

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Organisms in kingdom Fungi have cell walls made of this material

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hyphae

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Name for the thread-like filaments that make up the body of a fungus

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spores, budding, fragmentation

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Three ways that fungi can reproduce

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Fungi

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This kingdom contains organisms which digest their food externally before ingesting it

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Fungi

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Common examples of this Kingdom include mold, mildew, mushrooms, and yeast

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cellulose

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Organisms in kingdom Plantae have cell walls made of this material

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Plantae

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Organisms in this kingdom are eukaryotic, multicellular, and autotrophic

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motile

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Term for organisms which can move from place to place

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sessile

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Term for organisms which cannot move from place to place and instead are usually attached to a surface

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ribosomal RNA

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Comparing sequences of this material has allowed scientists to further determine the ancestry of organisms allowing for the higher taxa called the domain

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Archaea

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Domain that contains the chemosynthetic bacteria

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Bacteria

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Domain that contains both harmful and helpful species of prokaryotes

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Eukarya

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Domain that contains plants, animals, protists, and fungi

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prokaryotic

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Type of cells that LACK a nucleus & other membrane bound organelles

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eukaryotic

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Type of cells that HAVE a nucleus & other membrane bound organelles

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unicellular

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Term for a single-celled organism

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multicellular

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Term for a many-celled organism

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autotroph

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Term for an organism which makes its own food

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heterotroph

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Term for an organism that cannot make its own food but instead eats other organisms to obtain nutrients

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Homo sapiens

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The scientific name for humans