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53 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Epithelial Tissues
Line internal cavities and passageways and cover external body surfaces.
Simple squamous epithelial cells
A single row of thin, flat cells
Location of simple squamous epithelial cells
lines internal surface of ventral body cavities, blood vessels, and heart; parts of kidney tubules alveoli of the lungs
Functions of simple squamous epithelial cells
Flat shape allows substances to either diffuse easily through the cell or be filtered through it; secretion; reduces friction
Simple cuboidal epithelium
a single row of cube-shaped cells
Location of simple cuboidal epithelium
ducts of glands, parts of kidney tubules; follicles of thyroid gland
Function of simple cuboidal epithelium
secretion; absorption
simple columnar epithelium
each simple columnar cell in this tissue looks like a column, two types ciliated and non-cilated
location of simple columnar epithelium
ciliated type -- uterine tubes
non-ciliated type -- stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder
function of simple columnar epithelium
absorption; secrection of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; movement of mucus by cilia
pseudostratified columnar epithelium (falsely stratified)
single row of cells, most have a columnar shape, shorter cells look like cuboidal
two types ciliated and non-ciliated
location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
ciliated -- nasal cavity,trachea,bronchi
non-ciliated -- ducts of male reproductive tract
function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
protection; secretion; movement of mucus by cilia
stratified squamous epithelium
bottom layer in either type is composed of cuboidal or columnar cells that are active in cell division
two types keratinized and non-keratinized
location of stratified squamous epithelium
keratinized -- epidermis of skin
non-keratinized -- lining of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, anus, and vagina
function of stratified squamous epithelium
provides physical protection against abrasion and pathogens to underlying tissues
connective tissue
primarily give structural support to other tissues and organs in the body
two most common types of protein fibers are collagen and elastin
areolar connective tissue
random arrangement of cells, fibers, and ground substance
location of areolar connective tissue
beneath epitheliam tissues all over the body; between skin and skeletal muscles; surrounding blood vessels, within skin; around organs; around joints
function of areolar connective tissue
cushions and protects organs; its phagocytes protect against pathogens; holds tissue fluid
adipose connective tissue
a fat tissue composed of fat cells called adipocytes along with some blood vessels
location of adipose connective tissue
under all skin but especially in abdomen, buttocks, and breasts; around some organs such as eyeballs and kidneys
function of adipose connective tissue
protects certain organs and other structures; insulates against heat loss through the skin; stores energy as a reserve fuel
reticular connective tissue
consists of a network of reticular fibers, most common cell type is the reticular celll but it also contains fibroblasts and macrophages
location of reticular connective tissue
spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, and kidney
function of reticular connective tissue
fibers from a supportive net-like structure for a variety of cell types
dense regular connective tissues
composed of collagen fibers, two types dense regular connective and dense irregular connective
location of dense regular connective tissues
tendons and aponeuroses; ligaments; covering around skeletal muscles
function of dense regular connective tissue
anchors skeletal muscle to bone; attaches bone to bone; packages skeletal muscles; stabilized bone within a joint
hyaline cartilage
most common type of cartilage
elastic cartilage
most durable and flexible type of cartilage because of the presense of many elastic fibers
location of hyaline cartilage
covers ends of long bones in synovial joints; between ribs and sternum; cartilage of nose, trachea, larynx, and bronchi; most portions of embryonic skeleton
function of hyaline cartilage
structural reinforcement, slightly flexible support; reduces friction within joints
location of elastic cartilage
external ear; epiglottis; auditory canal
function of elastic cartilage
provides support while easily returning to original shape when destroyed
fibrocartilage
the strongest of the three types because of the presence of many collagen fibers
location of fibrocartilage
intervertbral discs;pubic symphysis; pads within knee joints
function of fibrocartilage
shock absorber in a joint resists compression
bone
specialized type of connective tissue that has calcified into a hard substance
function of bones
supports body and protects vital organs; provides attachments for muscle to form a lever system for movement; store calcium compounds and fat, marrow contains stem cells that produce all blood cell types
muscle tissue
three types skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle. Under conscious control so it is referred to as voluntary muscle
location of muscle tissue
all the major muscles of the body are composed of skeletal muscle
function of skeletal muscle tissue
contration of muscles (conscious control)
skeletal muscle tissue
long cylinder with a banding pattern and each band is called striation
cardiac muscle
cylindrical shape and a single nucleus per cell
location of cardiac muscle
only in the heart
function of cardiac muscle
contraction of muscles (unconscious control)
smooth muscle tissue
lacks the straiation found in the other two types of muscle tissue and each cell ahs only one nucleus
two types visceral and multi-unit
location of smooth muscle tissue
visceral -- walls of hollow organs (stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, etc)
multi-unit -- walls of large arteries, trachea, muscles in the iris and ciliary body of the eye, arrector pili muscles that attach to hair follicles
function of smooth muscle tissue
contraction of muscles (unconscious control)
nervous tissue
neurons or nerve cells are one of the fundamental cells in nervous tissue
location of nervous tissue
brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
function of nervous tissue
conduct nervous (electrical) impulses to other neurons, muscles, or glands to regulate their function