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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
taxonomy
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the science of classification and nomenclature used
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modern classification system groups organisms based on what
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evolutionary relationships
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subdivisions of classification
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kingdom
phylum (division) subphylum (subdivision) class order family genus species |
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scientific name
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Genus species in italics
scheme developed by Carolus Linnaeus |
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Five kingdom classification
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monera, protista, plantae, fungi, animalia
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Why are viruses not included in any of the five kingdoms of classification?
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viruses are not considered living things
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kingdom Monera
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prokaryotes
single-celled reproduce asexually |
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kingdom Protista
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eukaryotes
single-celled or colonies no tissue differentiation may be heterotrophic or photosynthetic (or both-Euglena) may or may not be motile |
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kingdom Fungi
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Eukaryotes
multicellular differentiated nonmotile saprophytic or parasitic. varying and unique modes of reproduction Cell walls composed of chitin. |
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Kingdom Plantae
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Eukaryotes
multicellular differentiated nonmotile photosynthetic alternation of generations with a distinct embryonic phase |
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Kingdom Animalia
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Eukaryotic
multicellular motile heterotrophic differentiated tissues |
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structure of viruses
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DNA or RNA and some essential enzymes surrounded by a protein coat
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cyanobacteria
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blue-green algae
Moneran photosynthetic, but no chloroplasts no flagella cell wall can survive extreme temperatures |
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bacteria
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moneran
cell wall single loop of DNA no nucleus play a role in biogeochemical cycles classified by morphology: cocci (sphere), bacilli (rod), spirilla (spiral), duplexes, clusters (staph), chains (strep) |
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protozoa
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Protist
heterotrophic includes rhizopods (amoebas) and ciliophors (ciliates) |
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algae
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Protist
photosynthetic include phyto-plankton, important producers in marine environments some can be multicellular and are placed in the plant kingdom |
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slime molds
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resemble both fungi and protists
coenocytic (many nuclei) mass of protoplasm contain animal-like and plantlike stages |
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asexual reproduction of fungi
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sporulation
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general characteristics of all animals
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differentiation of tissues, organs, and organ systems
alimentation (eat and digest bulk food) bilateral symmetry- most animals nervous system and sensory organs chemical-coordinating system to maintain homeostasis |
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porifera
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animalia- sponges
two layers of cells pores sessile low degress of cellular specialization |
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Cnidarians
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animalia- hydra, jellyfish, coral
digestive sac with one opening ectoderm and endoderm layers of cells tentacles and stinging cells net nerves |
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Platyhelminthes
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animalia- flatworms
bilaterally symmetrical three layers of cells, including mesoderm simple true nervous system with a "brain" ganglion |
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Nematoda
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animalia- round worms- hookworm, trichina
long digestive tubes and anus solid mesoderm simple nerve cords |
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Annelida
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animalia- segmented worms- earthworms, leeches
coelom - true body cavity well-defined circulatory, nervous, and excretory systems |
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Mollusca
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animalia- Mollusks-clams, snails, squid
soft bodies with mantle that secretes calcareous exoskeletons gills chambered heart pair of ventral nerve cords |
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Arthropoda
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animalia- arthropods- insects, arachnids, crustaceans
jointed appendages chitinous exoskeleton open circulatory system (sinuses) |
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insects
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arthropods
three pairs of legs tracheal tubes and spiracles for air breathing |
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arachnids
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arthropods
four pairs of legs book lungs |
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crustaceans
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arthropods
segmented body variable number of appendages gills |
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echinoderms
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animalia- starfish, sea urchin
radially symmetrical water-vascular system regeneration of parts possible origin of chordates |
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Chordates
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have a stiff dorsal rod-notochord-present at some stage of embryologic development
paired gill slits, tail split invertebrates and vertebrates |
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chordate invertebrates
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lancets, tunicates (amphioxus)
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vertebrates
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chordates, most advanced
vertebrae replace the notochord during development and become the backbone a bony case forms around the brain |
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fish
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vertebrate
two-chambered heart gills external fertilization |
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jawless fish
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retain notochord throughout life
cartilage endoskeleton no jaws sucking mouth include Agnatha |
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cartilaginous fish
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fish with jaws and teeth
reduced notochord exists between segments of cartilage vertebrae |
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bony fish
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fish with scales
no notochord in adult form full bony skeleton |
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amphibia
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vertebrate
larval stage-tadpole-lives in water, gills, tail, no legs adult had lungs, legs, 3-chambered heart, no scales external fertilization in water |
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reptiles
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terrestrial
lungs leathery eggs-internal fertilization poikilothermic scales three-chambered heart |
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birds
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homeothermic
four-chambered heart feathers internal fertilization, shelled eggs |
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mammals
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vertebrate
homeothermic feed offspring with milk produced in mammary glands |
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monotremes
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egg-laying mammals
horny bills milk glands with no nipples |
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Marsupials
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pouched mammals
embryo begins development in the uterus and completes development attached to nipples in the abdominal pouch |
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Placental mammals
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mammals with embryos that fully develop in the uterus
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