Bio 2200 Lab Exam

Front 1

Describe a hypothetical ancestor (HA) Mollusc

Back 1

aquatic, eucoelomate, protostome with a shell secreted by a mantle which covers the visceral mass

Front 2

The broad and flat, ventral foot is for what is HA?

Back 2

Movement over hard substrates.

Front 3

The head of the HA mollusc contains what

Back 3

eyes and tentacles

Front 4

Posteriorly, the mantle cavity encloses what in the hypothetical mollusc?

Back 4

a pair of gills

Front 5

The buccal cavity of the hypthetical mollusc contains what?

Back 5

file like rasping organ, the radula

Front 6

Differences in class gastropoda from the HA

Back 6

torsion of the viscerall mass

Front 7

Result of torsion in class gastropoda?

Back 7

resulting in a new position of the mantle cavity and coiling of the shell (and viscerall mass contained within it). Also loss of organs on the right side in some forms. (loss of bilateral symmetry)

Front 8

Difference from HA in class Polyplacophora

Back 8

Body is dorsoventrally flattened. Shell consists of 8 overlapping plates. Small head mantle cavity is two shallow troughs on each side of the foot. (reduced)

Front 9

Differences from HA in class Bivalvia

Back 9

Body is compressed, enclosed in a bivalve shell. Shell is hinged dorsally. Small head, large gills. The radula is lost. Foot is used for digging.

Front 10

Differences in HA for class Cephalopoda

Back 10

Foot has been divided into arms used for grasping prey. Nervous system is highly developed in concentrated anteriorly, forming a brain.

Front 11

Organisms covered in class Gastropoda

Back 11

Haliotis, Cypraea, Strombus, Crepidula, Conus, Busycon, Hexabranchus, Helix, Achatina, Garden slugs, Helisoma

Front 12

Organsims in class Polyplacophora

Back 12

Katharina

Front 13

Organisms in class Bivalvia

Back 13

Lampsilus, Anodonta, Tridacna, Corculum, Saxidomus, Venus, Solen, Dreissena, Bankia

Front 14

Organisms in class Cephalopoda

Back 14

Nautilus, Placenticerus, Amaltheus, Sepia, Illex, Octupus

Front 15

The Trocophore larva occurs where?

Back 15

Polychaete worms, marina molluscs and some other protostome phyla.

Front 16

The epithelium of the trocophore larva supports the:

Back 16

prototroch

Front 17

Does the trochophore larva contain a mouth?

Back 17

Yes

Front 18

What does the trocophore transform into in gastropods and bivalves?

Back 18

Veliger Larva

Front 19

The prototroch of the trocophore larva expands and forms what?

Back 19

ciliated lobes of the velum

Front 20

In gastropods, torsion occurs during what stage?

Back 20

veliger stage

Front 21

What is an operculum?

Back 21

gill cover. Saves the mollusc from water loss.

Front 22

What moves the veliger larva until the foot is large enough?

Back 22

The velum propels the larva

Front 23

Trocophore larvae that are non motile are held where?

Back 23

the gills

Front 24

Trocophore larvae that are non motile transform into what?

Back 24

glochidium larvae

Front 25

Where may glochidium larvae be found?

Back 25

parasatizing fish and feeding on their tissues before dropping off and burrowing.

Front 26

In class gastropoda, what protrudes the aperture

Back 26

head and foot

Front 27

How can you tell if a gastropod is sinistral or dextral?

Back 27

Holding the shell with the aperture facing you and apex up, if the aperture opens to the left of the axis it is sinistral. If it is right than dextral.

Front 28

The terrestrial garden snail, helix sp is a member of what subclass of gastropods?

Back 28

pulmonate gastropods

Front 29

The garden snail, heliz sp contains what instead of gills

Back 29

the mantle cavity modified into lungs

Front 30

the head of the garden snail bears what?

Back 30

tentacles and eyes (posterior bearing the eyes and anterior tentacles.)

Front 31

Where is the pneumostome (opening of the lung) located in the garden snail?

Back 31

The right side

Front 32

where is the anus located in the garden snail?

Back 32

near the pneumostome, posterior to the head

Front 33

the anteroventral mouth in the garden snail contains what?

Back 33

Radula, composed of chitinous teeth. (Graze algae from substrates)

Front 34

The terrestrial african land snail, achatina, and the pond snails, Lymnaea have what kind of shell?

Back 34

tall spiral

Front 35

what kind of shell does the garden snail have?

Back 35

flattened spire

Front 36

Ramshorn snails, helisoma have what kind of shell?

Back 36

flat, planispiral

Front 37

Lymnaea and Helisoma are both...

Back 37

aquatic and lack an operculum

Front 38

Where do conches, strombus occur?

Back 38

tropic seas

Front 39

cone shells, conus, have modified radula that do what?

Back 39

produce poison darts which are used to kill prey.

Front 40

Whelks, Busycon, feed primarily on what?

Back 40

other molluscs

Front 41

Sea slugs or nudibranchs have what kind of symmetry?

Back 41

secondary bilateral symmetry

Front 42

Each valve of the bivalve shell is in what position. What attaches it?

Back 42

lateral and covers each side of the animal. Both attached by the dorsal hinged ligament.

Front 43

What is the umbo?

Back 43

bulge near the hinged ligament that represents the origin of the valves.

Front 44

Where are the siphons located in bivalves.

Back 44

Ventral incurrent siphon and dorsal excurrent siphon. In some species they are encased into a single elongate siphon.

Front 45

Why does the opening of the incurrent siphon have pronounced papillae projecting from it's edges.

Back 45

Choosing particles to uptake.

Front 46

The opening and closing of the valves in controlled by what?

Back 46

the interaction of the elastic hinge ligament with the posterior and anterior adductor muscles.

Front 47

In bivalves, respiratory water current which also carries food particles enters through what and then?

Back 47

enters the incurrent siphon and passes through the gills where food particles are deposited. The water flow then makes a u-turn and leaves the mantle cavity through the excurrent siphon.

Front 48

In bivalves, how are food particles taken up by the animal?

Back 48

After deposited on the gills, food particles are transferred by ciliary action to food grooves on the free end of the gills , to labial palps, to the mouth.

Front 49

How is oxygen taken up in bivalves?

Back 49

by blood in the gill capillaries from incurrent flow

Front 50

How is carbon dioxide eliminated by bivalve animals?

Back 50

released into and passed out by the excurrent flow

Front 51

What does the pericardial cavity contain? (Bivalves)

Back 51

a ventricle which wraps around the intestine, which passes through the pericardial cavity.

Front 52

The ventricle of bivalves receives blood from what?

Back 52

membranous sac-like atria.

Front 53

What is the ositum? (Bivalves)

Back 53

the opening by which the atrium empties into the ventricle.

Front 54

Most mollucs (except squid) have what kind of circulatory system?

Back 54

open circulatory system

Front 55

What makes up the bulk of the visceral mass in bivalves?

Back 55

The liver and the gonad

Front 56

In squids, where are the foot and head located?

Back 56

they are in close proximity, projecting from the tubular muscular mantle which encloses the viscera

Front 57

The foot has been modified into what in squids

Back 57

as a ring of arms which encloses the buccal mass.

Front 58

The ring of arms is differentiated into what in squids?

Back 58

a single pair of long tentacles bearing suckers at the end and eight shorter arms bearing suckers all over.

Front 59

The fins of the squid project from what side of the mantle.

Back 59

anterior side. The mantle is also on the dorsal part of the squid.

Front 60

Purpose of the fins for squids?

Back 60

stabilization and locomotion

Front 61

Which direction do squids swim?

Back 61

ventral surface foremost

Front 62

What causes the jet stream of the siphon in squids?

Back 62

Contraction of the mantle muscle forces water out of the siphon

Front 63

When the squid is fleeing, what direction does it swim?

Back 63

dorsal foremost

Front 64

What regulates the passage of water out of the mantle cavity of the squid?

Back 64

siphon valves.

Front 65

function of the articulating ridges on each side of the squid.

Back 65

help seal the edges of the mantle to the head, preventing pressure loss when water is being expelled through the siphon.

Front 66

Where is the ink sac in the squid?

Back 66

deep in the rectum and anus along the posterior surface of the liver

Front 67

Purpose of the siphon retractor muscle?

Back 67

attach the dorsal part of the siphon to the dorsal part of the mantle.

Front 68

What type of hearts do squids have?

Back 68

Branchial and systemic

Front 69

Location of the gills in the squid?

Back 69

On both sides of the liver with the branchial hearts at their base. The kidney also lies between them.

Front 70

The branchial arteries of the squid carry which type of blood

Back 70

deoxygenated blood

Front 71

What does the systemic heart do?

Back 71

pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. blood passed to the systemic hearts from the branchial veins.

Front 72

What is the hectocotylus arm in squids?

Back 72

In male squids, the arm reaches into his mantle cavity, removes a spermatophore and deposits it into the mantle cavity of the female.

Front 73

What is the pen?

Back 73

In squids, it is the only remnant of the shell. It is chitinous.

Front 74

In squid, what does the oesophogus pass through?

Back 74

The brain

Front 75

In cuttlefish, Sepia sp. What is the pen made out of?

Back 75

the pen is calceriouos

Front 76

The octupus bear 8 of what? Do they have fins?

Back 76

8 arms. No, indicating for stable lifestyle.

Front 77

The small first chamber of the most ancient cepholopod, Nautilus is?

Back 77

The Protoconch

Front 78

What is the siphuncle? Septa?

Back 78

In Nautilis(cephalopod) it connects all of the chambers to the protoconch. Septa separate the chamber.

Front 79

What is the suture?

Back 79

The junction of the septum with the inner wall of the shell in nautillus. (cephalopods)