Bio 210 - Exam 2 - Dna And Rna

Front 1

DNA

Back 1

Nucleic acid that contains genetic instruction.

DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds.

Exhibits quaternary structure in Chromatin

Front 2

RNA

Back 2

RNA is made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group

Exhibits quaternary structure in interaction of RNA units in ribosomes

Front 3

Components of nucleotides

Back 3

1. a 5 carbon sugar
2. a phosphate
3. a nitrogenous base

Front 4

Purines

Back 4

2 ring bases

Adenine and Guanine

Front 5

Pyrimidines

Back 5

1 ring bases

Thymine / Uracil
Cytosine

Front 6

DNA and RNA complementary base pairs

Back 6

DNA:
A-T (2 hydrogen bonds)
G-C (3 hydrogen bonds)

RNA:
A-U
G-C

Front 7

Nucleotide chain:
Bond and Reaction?

Back 7

Phosphodiester bonds via condensation reaction

Front 8

DNA molecules differ in?

3 ways

Back 8

# of base pairs
relative quantity of base pairs
sequence of base pairs

Front 9

Circular DNA

Back 9

form of DNA that is found in viruses, bacteria and archaea as well as in eukaryotic cells in the form of either mitochondrial DNA or plastid DNA.

Front 10

Linear DNA

Back 10

DNA structure that has free ends

Front 11

3 structure forms of DNA

Back 11

1. Single and double stranded
2. linear and circular
3. 3 Dimensional (B,A,Z DNA)

Front 12

Z-DNA

Back 12

This helix is left-handed and has a structure that repeats every 2 base pairs

Front 13

B-DNA

Back 13

This is the most common DNA.

Right-handed helix. Structure repeats every 1 base pair.

Front 14

A-DNA

Back 14

Right-handed helix. More base pairs per turn than B-DNA.

Repeats every 1 base pair.

Front 15

RNA vs DNA hydrolysis?

Back 15

Chemical and Enzymatic hydrolysis

Chemical:
DNA is stable to bases (alkaline hydrolysis). This is one of the features which distinguish DNA from RNA (RNA is not stable under alkaline conditions).

Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Front 16

RNA vs DNA structure?

Back 16

RNA is:
Smaller in length than DNA
Single-stranded
Shape Variable

Shape variable:
Straight/Folded
When folded, shape maintained by base pairing
No double helix

Front 17

RNA types (5):

Back 17

mRNA (messenger)
rRNA (ribosomal)
tRNA (transfer)
snRNA (small nuclear)
hnRNA (heterogenous nuclear)

Front 18

Function of RNA?

Back 18

protein synthesis

Front 19

mRNA

Back 19

encodes and "carries" information from DNA during transcription to whatever sites are undergoing protein synthesis


A type of RNA, synthesized using a DNA template, that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.

Front 20

rRNA

Back 20

basically makes the proteins


RNA molecules that, together with proteins, make up ribosomes; the most abundant type of RNA.

Front 21

tRNA

Back 21

transfers correct amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain


An RNA molecule that functions as a translator between nucleic acid and protein languages by carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they recognize the appropriate codons in the mRNA.

Front 22

hnRNA

Back 22

Precursor of mRNA

Front 23

snRNA

Back 23

guide chemical modifications of rRNA's

Found in eukaryotic nuclei