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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polar Molecule |
A molecule whose charge is not evenly distributed. (Pg. 46) |
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Cohesion |
Hydrogen bonds holding a substance together. (Pg. 47) |
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Adhesion |
The clinging of one substance to another. (Pg. 48) |
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Surface Tension |
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. (Pg. 48) |
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Kinetic Energy |
The energy of motion. (Pg. 48) |
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Heat |
A form of energy. A measure of the total kinetic energy due to motion of its molecules. (Pg. 48) |
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Temperature |
A measure of heat intensity that represents the average kinetic energy of the molecules. (Pg. 48) |
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Celsius Scale |
A scale used to indicate temperature. (Pg. 48) |
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calorie |
The amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. (Pg. 48) |
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kilocalorie |
1,000 calories. The calories on food packages are actually measured in kilocalories. (Pg. 48) |
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Joule |
An energy unit. 0.239 calories (Pg. 48) |
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Specific Heat |
The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree Celsius. (Pg. 48) |
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Heat of Vaporization |
The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state. (Pg. 49) |
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Evaporative Cooling |
The "hottest" molecules are the most likely to leave as gas. As the hottest molecules leave, the average temperature tends to decline. (Pg. 49) |
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Solution |
A liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. (Pg. 50) |
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Solvent |
The dissolving agent of a solution. (Pg. 50) |
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Solute |
The substance that is dissolved. (Pg. 50) |
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Aqueous Solution |
A solution in which water is the solvent. (Pg. 50) |
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Hydration Shell |
The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion. (Pg. 50) |
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Hydrophillic |
Any substance that has an affinity for water. (Pg. 51) |
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Colloid |
A stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid. (Pg. 51) |
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Hydrophobic |
Substances that are nonionic and nonpolar, that seem to repel water. (Pg. 51) |
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Molecular Mass |
The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule. (Pg. 51) |
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Mole |
An exact number of objects: 6.02 x 10^23 (Pg. 51) |
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Molarity |
The number of moles of solute per liter of solution. (Pg. 52) |
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Hydrogen Ion |
A hydrogen atom that leaves its electron behind on a water molecule. (Pg. 52) |
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Hydroxide Ion |
The hydrogen atom that has lost a hydrogen atom, but kept the hydrogen atom's electron. (Pg. 52) |
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Hydronium Ion |
A water molecule that has a hydrogen ion attached to it. (Pg. 52) |
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Acid |
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. (Pg. 53) |
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Base |
A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution. (Pg. 53) |
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pH |
The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. (Pg. 54) |
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Buffer |
A substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide molecules in a solution. (Pg. 54) |
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Ocean Acidification |
A lowering of the pH of the ocean due to Carbon Dioxide dissolving in seawater producing carbonic acid. (Pg. 54) |
