Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Who was Mendel?
|
discovered the basic principles of heredity by breeding garden peas in carefully planned experiments |
|
|
Why did he work with peas? There are several answers to this…name a few.
|
There are many varieties with distinct heritable characters character variants are called traits He could control mating between plants |
|
|
True-breeding purple peas produce what color offspring?
|
Purple |
|
|
True-breeding white peas produce what color offspring?
|
White |
|
|
Why do we only see differences in the F2 hybrids when we start with true-breeding purple and true-breeding white pea plants?
|
Ratio of about three to one |
|
|
What are the four related concepts the Mendel developed to explain his model?
|
Alleles account for variations in inherited characters for each character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent if the two alleles at a locus differ, then the dominant allele determines the organism’s appearance, and the recessive allele has no noticeable effect on appearance the law of segregation |
|
|
What accounted for the differences seen in the F2 hybrids? What do we call thee different versions of a gene?
|
3:1 ratio; |
|
|
How do we represent a dominant allele? How do we represent a recessive allele?
|
A capital letter represents a dominant allele, and a lowercase letter represents a recessive allele |
|
|
What is the difference between a homozygote and a heterozygote?
|
Homozygote: An organism with two identical alleles for a character heterozygote: An organism that has two different alleles for a gene |
|
|
Why would we be interested in performing a testcross?
|
tell the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype |
|
|
Why are we interested in the law of independent assortment? What does that mean for a sexually reproducing species?
|
each pair of alleles segregates independently of any other pair during gamete formation ; |
|
|
Genes located near each other on the same chromosome tend to be inherited _________________
|
together |
|
|
How does incomplete dominance compare to complete dominance? Example?
|
incomplete dominance: the phenotype of F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties Complete dominance: occurs when phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical |
|
|
How does codominance compare to complete dominance? Example?
|
codominance: two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways Complete dominance: occurs when phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are identical |
|
|
Is the dominant allele always the most common?
|
No |
|
|
How can epistasis affect the phenotype?
|
a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus |
|
|
Can we have multiple genes governing (controlling) one trait? Example.
|
Yes; coat color depends on two genes |
|
|
Can we have one gene governing multiple traits? Example.
|
Yes; Skin color |
|
|
What is involved in the phenotype?
|
Physical appearance, internal anatomy, physiology, and behavior |
|
|
Why are peas (and other short-lived animals) good subjects for genetic research?
|
Don't have a lot of restrictions like humans. |
|
|
Why are humans not good subjects for genetic research?
|
Generation time is too long
Parents produce relatively few offspring Breeding experiments are unacceptable |
|
|
For what can we use a pedigree?
|
described the interrelationships of parents and children across generations: used to make predictions about future offspring
|
|
|
What is the phenotype of a carrier?
|
Phenotypically normal |
|
|
Why do we kind of “frown on” consanguineous marriage?
|
Mating increase the chance of mating between two carriers of the same rare allele |
|
|
Are all disorders recessive traits?
|
No; Dominant alleles that cause a lethal disease are rare |
|
|
Is it possible to have a genetic disorder and not know about it until later in life?
|
Yes |
|
|
Name some other diseases that might have some genetic components.
|
heart disease, diabetes, alcoholism, mental illnesses, and cancer |
|
|
When might it be a good idea to have genetic counseling for yourself and you spouse?
|
When deciding if you want to start a family |
