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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Kinetic Energy |
Energy in motion |
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Proton |
subatomic particle occurring in all atomic nuclei, with a positive electric charge |
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Atomic Nucleus |
small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, orbited by electrons |
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Potential Energy |
Energy at rest |
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Neutron |
subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen |
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Temperature |
A measure of the intensity of heat, reflecting the average kinetic energy or speed of molecules |
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Electron |
stable subatomic particle with a negative charge, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids. |
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Chemistry |
The science concerned with the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, and the changes it undergoes |
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Atomic number |
The number of protons in each atom of a particular element |
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Chemical bond |
An attraction between two or more atoms resulting from a sharing of valence electrons, or the presence of opposite charges of atoms |
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Formula |
Refers to what elements are contained in a chemical bond, and in What proportion |
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Heat |
Amount of kinetic energy contained in the movement of atoms and molecules in a body of matter |
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Solution, solvent, solute |
Coffee-water-sugar. A solution is a liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances created when a solvent dissolves a solute |
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Covalent bond |
An attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of valence shell electrons |
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Reactant |
A starting material in a chemical reaction |
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Acid |
A substance that increases the H+ ions in a solution |
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Base |
A substance that increases the OH- ions in a solution |
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pH scale |
0 to <7 is an acid 7 is neutral >7 to 14 is a base |
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Acid Base Reaction |
HCl + NaOH ---> NaCl + H2O Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide ---> Salt + Water |
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(3) phases of matter |
(Bose-Einstein Condensate) Solid Liquid Gas (Plasma) |
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Three types of chemical bonds |
Covalent Ionic Hydrogen |
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Definition of pH |
% hydrogen ion Potential of Hydrogen |
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Solution |
A liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances |
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Buffer |
A chemical substance that resists change in pH by accepting H+ ions, or donating H+ ions, to a solution |
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Hydrolysis |
Process or reactions that occur when large molecules are broken down by water |
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Product |
An ending material in a chemical reaction |
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Ionic bond |
An attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges. Na+Cl- Mg+2Cl2-2 |
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Isotope |
An element that has the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons |
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Dehydration synthesis |
A reaction in which a glucose molecule loses an OH and a fructose molecule loses a H resulting in sucrose and water |