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177 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What can a pilot expect if the pitot system ram air input and drain hole are blocked by ice?
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The airspeed indicator may act as an altimeter
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If both ran air input and drain hole of the pitot system are blocked by ice, what airspeed indication can be expected?
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No variation of indicated airspeed in level flight if large power changes are made
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What is an effect of ice, snow, or frost formation on an airplane?
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Decreased angle of attack for stalls
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Which is an effect of ice, snow, or frost on an airplane?
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Increased stall speed
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Test data indicate that ice, snow, or frost having a thickness and roughness of medium or coarse sandpaper on the leading edge and upper surface of a wing can
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reduce lift by as much as 30% and increase drag by 40%
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Snow on top of deicing or anti-icing fluids
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must be considered as adhering to the aircraft
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Freezing Point Depressant (FDP) fluids are highly soluble in water; however
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ice is slow to absorb it, and to melt when in contact with it
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Freezing Point Depressant fluid residen on engine fan or compressor blades
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can reduce engine performance and cause surging and/or compressor stalls
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The adverse effects of ice, snow, or frost on aircraft performance and flight characteristics include decreased lift and
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an increase in stall speed
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The practice developed and accepted by the North American air carrier industry using traditional NA fluids is to ensure that the freeze point of the remaining film is below ambient tempt by
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at least 20 degrees F
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What action is appropriate when encountering the first ripple of reported clear air turbulence?
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Adjust airspeed to that recommended for rough air
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If severe turbulence is encountered, which procedure is recommended?
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Maintain constant altitude
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What is the expected duration of an individual microburst?
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Seldom longer than 15 mins from the time the burst strikes the ground until dissipation
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Max downdrafts in a microburst encounter may be as strong as
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6,000 ft/min
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An aircraft that enounters a headwind of 40 kts, within a microburst, may expect a total shear across the microburst of
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80 kts.
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Which initial cockpit indications should a pilot be aware of when a headwind shears to a calm wind?
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Indicated airspeed decreasees, aircraft pitches down, and altitude decreases
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Which condition would initially cause the indicated airspeeed and pitch to increase and the sink rate to decrease?
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Sudden increase in a headwind component
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Which initial cockpit indications should a pilot be aware of when a constant tailwind shears to a calm wind?
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Altitude, pitch and indicated airspeed increase
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Which wind-shear condition results in a loss of airspeed?
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Decreasing headwind and increasing tailwind
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Which is definition of severe wind shear?
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Any rapid change in wind direction or velocity which causes airspeed changes greater than 15 kts or vertical speed changes greater than 500 ft/min
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Doppler wind measurements indicate that the windspeed change a pilot may expect when flying through the peak intensity of a microburst is approximately
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45 kts
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Which airplane performance characteristic should be recognized furing takeoff when encountering a tailwind shear that increases in intensity?
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Loss of, or diminished, airspeed performance
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When penetrating a microburst, which aircraft will experience an increase in performance without a change in pitch or power?
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1
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What is a characteristic of the troposphere?
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There is an overall decrease of temperature with an increase of altitude
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What characterizes a ground-based inversion?
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Poor visibility
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What feature is associated with a temperature inversion?
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A stable layer of air
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When does minimum temperature normally occur during a 24 hr period?
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After sunrise
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At lower levels of the atmosphere, friction causes the wind to flow across isobars into a low because the friction
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decreases windspeed and Coriolis force
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Which type wind flows downslope becoming warmer and dryer?
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Katabatic wind
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Freezing rain encountered during climb is normally evidence that
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a layer of warmer air exists above
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What temperature condition is indicated if precipitation in the form of wet snow occurs during flight?
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The temperature is above freezing at flight altitude
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Enroute at FL270, the altimeter is set correctly. On descent, a pilot fails to set the local altimeter setting of 30.57. If the elevation is 650', and the altimeter is functioning properlyt, what will it indicate upon landing?
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Sea Level
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What is corrected altititude?
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Indicated altitude corrected for temperature variation from standard
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What term describes an elongated area of lower pressure?
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Trough
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What is an important characteristic of wind shear?
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It may be associated with either a wind shift or a windspeed gradient at any level in the atmosphere
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Where is common location for an inversion?
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In the stratosphere
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Which term applies when the temperature of the air changes by compression or expansion with no heat added or removed?
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Adiabatic
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What is the approximate rate unsaturated air will cool flowing upslope?
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3 degrees C per 1,000 ft
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If the ambient temperature is warmer than standard at FL350, what is the density altitude compared to pressure altitude?
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High than pressure altitude
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If the ambient temperature is colder than standard at FL310, what is the relationship between true altitude and pressure altitude?
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True altitude is lower than 31,000 ft
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Which pressure is defined as station pressure?
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Actual pressure at field elevation
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Isobars on a surface analysis chart represent lines of equal pressure
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referenced to sea level
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How does Coriolis force affect wind direction in the Southern hemisphere?
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Causes clockwise rotation around a low
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Which conditions result in the formation of frost?
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Temperature of the collecting surface is below the dewpoint and the dewpoint is also below freezing
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What condition is indicated when ice pellets are encountered during flight?
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Freezing rain at higher levels
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When will frost most likely form on aircraft surfaces?
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On clear nights with stable air and light winds
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What is the result when water vapor changes to the liquid state while being lifted ina thunderstorm?
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Laten heat is released to the atmosphere
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What is a feature of supercooled water?
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The unstable water drop freezes upon striking an exposed object
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What is indicated about an air mass if the temperature remains unchanged or decreases slightly as altitude is increased?
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The air is stable.
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Which process causes adiabatic cooling?
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Expansion of air as it rises
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What process causes adiabatic cooling?
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Expansion of air as it rises
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When saturated air moves downhill, its temperature increases
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at a slower rate than dry air because vaporization uses heat
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Convective clouds which penetrate a stratus layer can produce which threat to instrument flight?
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Embedded thunderstorms
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Which type clouds are indicateive of very strong turbulance?
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Standing lenticular
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Which event usually occurs after an aircraft passes through a front into the colder air?
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Atmospheric pressure increases
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Which condition produces a weater on the lee side of a large lake?
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Warm air flowing over a colder lake may produce fog
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How can stability of the atmosphere be determined?
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Ambient temperature lapse rate
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Which weater phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a thunderstorm?
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The start of rain at the surfacwe
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Why are downdrafts in a mature thunderstorm hazardous?
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Dwondrafts are kept cool by cold rain which tends to accelerate the downward velocity
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What is a difference between an air mass thunderstorm and a steady-state thunderstorm?
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Air mass thunderstorm downdrafts and precipitation retard and reverse the updrafts
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Which type storms are most likely to produce funnel clouds or tornadoes?
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Cold front or squall line thunderstorms
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What type weater change is to be expected in an area where frontolysis is reported?
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The front is dissipating
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Which weather condition is an example of a non-frontal instability band?
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Squall line
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Which atmospheric factor causes rapid movement of surface fronts?
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Upper winds blowing across the front
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Under what conditions would clear air turbulence most likely be encountered?
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When constant rpessure charts show 20 kt isotachs less than 150 NM apart
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What action is recommended when encountering turbulence due to a wind shift associated with a sharp pressure trough?
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Establish a course across the trough
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In comparison to an approach in a moderate headwind, which is an indication of a possible wind shear due to a decreasing headwind when descending on the glide slope?
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Higher pitch altitude is required
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How will the airspeed indicator react if the ram air input to the pitot head is blocked by ice, but the drain hole and static port are not?
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Indication will drop to zero
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Which is a necessary condition for the occurrence of a low-level temperature inversion wind shear?
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A calm or light wind near the surface and a relatively strong wind just above the inversion
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Which action is recommended regarding an altitude change to get out of jetstream turbulence?
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Descend if ambient temperature is falling
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CAT associated with a mountain wave may extend as far as...
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5,000 ft above tropopause
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Summer thunderstorms in the arctic region will generally move
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northeast to southwest in polar easterlies
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What is likely location of CAT?
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In an upper trough on the polar side of a jetstream
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Which type jetstream can be expected to casue the greater turbulence?
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A curving jetstream associated wtih a deep low pressure trough
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What weather feature occurs at altitude levels near the tropopause?
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Maximum winds and narrow wind shear zones
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METAR KFSO 031053Z VRB02KT 7SM MIFG SKC 15/14 A3012 RMK SLP993 6////T01500139 56012
In the above METAR, the SLP 993 6//// indicates |
Sea level pressure 999.3 hectopascals and an indeterminable amount of precipitation has occurred over the last 3 hours
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What is the single source reference that contains information regarding volcanic eruption, turbulence, and icing conditions for a specific region?
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In-flight Weather Advisories
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What conditions expected to occur in the vicinity of the airport, but not at the airport, are denoted by the letters VC. When VC appears in a TAF, it covers a geographical area of
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a 5 to 10 statue mile radius from the airport
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If squalls are reported at the destination airport, what wind conditions existed at the time?
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A sudden increase in wind speed of at least 16 kts, the speed rising to 22 kts or more for 1 minute or longer
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Which type of weather can be directly observed during flight and then reported in a PIREP?
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Turbulence and structural icing
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Forecast winds and temps aloft for an international flight may be obtained by consulting
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Wind and Temperature Aloft Charts prepared by US National Centers of Environmental Prediction
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For international flights, a US High Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart is prepared for use
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between FL250 and FL600
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At what time are current AIRMETs broadcast in their entirety by Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service HIWAS?
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There is a continuous broadcast over selected VORs of Inflight Weather Advisories
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What type service should normally be expected from an Enroute Flight Advisory Service?
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Weather advisories pertinent to the type of flight, intended route, and altitude
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Which weather condition is present when then the tropical storm is upgraded to a hurricane?
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Sustained winds of 65 kts or more
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What type turbulence should be reported when it momentarily cuases slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude, one-third to two-thirds of the time?
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Intermittent light turbulence
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What was the local CST of the Aviation Routine Weather Report at Austin?
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11:53 am
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What type of report is listed for Lubbock at 1818Z?
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An aviation selected special weather report
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What method was used to obtain the METAR at Tyler at 1753Z?
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Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS), having a precipitation discriminator
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What condition is reported at Childress?
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Light rain showers
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Which place in the turbojet engine is subjected to the highest temperatures?
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Turbine inlet
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What effect will an increase in altitutde have upon the available equivalent shaft horsepower of a turboprop engine?
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Lower air density and engine mass flow will cause a decrease in power
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Which type of compressor stall has the greatest potential for severe engine damage?
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Steady state stall
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What recovery would be appropriate in the event of a compressor stall?
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Reduce throttle and then slowly advance the throttle again and decrease the aircraft's angle of attack
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Equivalent shaft horsepower of a turboprop engine is a measure of
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shaft horsepower and jet thrust
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This SPECI report at Galveston indicates what condition?
SPECI KGLS 131802Z 10012G21KT 060V140 2SM +SHRA RMK RAB57 WS TKO... |
Precipitation started at 57 after the hour
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What weather improvement was reported at Lubbock between 1750 and 1818 UTC?
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The vertical visibility improved by 2,000 ft
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Which weather condition is indicated by this METAR report at Midland?
METAR KMAF ...RMK RAE44 |
Rain of unknown intensity ended 16 minutes before the hour
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Which change took place at Wichita Falls between 1757 and 1820 UTC?
METAR KSPS 131757Z ...SPECI KSPS...+RA FC OVC015 |
A funnel cloud was observed.
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When are inboard ailerons normally used?
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Low-speed and high-speed flight
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When are outboard ailerons normally used?
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Low-speed flight only
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What is the purpose of a control tab, such as those found on B727 airplanes?
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Move the flight controls in the event of manual reversion.
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For which purpose may flight spoilers be used?
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Reduce the wings' lift upon landing.
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Which is a purpose of wing-mounted vortex generators?
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Delays the onset of drag divergence at high speed and aids in maintaining aileron effectiveness at high speed.
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Which of the following are considered primary flight controls?
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Outboard ailerons
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What is the highest speed possible without supersonic flow over the wing?
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Critical Mach number
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What is the result of a shock-induced separation of airflow occurring symmetrically near the wing root of a sweptwing aircraft?
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A severe moment or mach tuck
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What is one disadvantage of a sweptwing design?
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The wingtip section stalls prior to the wing root
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What is the condition that may occur when gusts cause a swept wing type airplane to roll in one direction while yawing in the other?
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Dutch roll
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What should a pilot do to maintain "best range" airplane performance when a tailwind is encountered?
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Decrease speed
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At which speed will increasing the pitch attitude cause a jet airplane to climb?
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High speed
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At what speed, with reference to L/Dmax, does maximum rate of climb for a jet airplane occur?
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A speed greater than that for L/Dmax
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At what speed, with reference to L/Dmax, does maximum range for a jet airplane occur?
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A speed greater than that for L/Dmax
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What are V1 and VR speeds for Operating Conditions A-1?
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V1 123.1 kts
VR 125.2 kts |
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What are V1 and VR speeds for Operating Conditions A-3?
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V1 136.8 kts
VR 141.8 kts |
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What are V1 and VR speeds for Operating Conditions A-4?
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V1 129.9 kts
VR 133.4 kts |
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What are V1 and VR speeds for Operating Conditions A-5?
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V1 109.6 kts
VR 112.7 kts |
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What is the ground distance covered during en route climb for Operating Conditions W-3?
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86.4 NM
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What is the aircraft weight at the top of climb for Operating Conditions W-2?
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83,800 lbs
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What is the total time from starting to the alternate through completing the approach for Operating Conditions L-3?
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1 hour 15 minutes
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What is the approximate landing weight for Operating Conditions L-1?
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81,600 lbs
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What is the takeoff EPR for Operating Conditions R-1?
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2.035
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What is the trip time for Operating Conditions X-3?
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4 hours
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What is the trip time for Operating Conditions X-4?
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5 hours 45 minutes
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What is the trip time for Operating Conditions X-5?
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2 hours 55 minutes
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What is the trip time corrected for wind under Operating Conditions Z-1?
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51.9 minutes
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How many minutes of dump time is required to reduce fuel load to 16,000 lbs (using 2350 lbs/min)?
Initial Weight 175,500 lbs ZFW 138,000 lbs |
9 minutes
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What is the approximate level-off pressure altitude after drift-down under Operating Conditions D-3?
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21,600 ft
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What is Vref for Operating Conditions L-1?
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143 kts
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What is the max takeoff EPR for Operating Conditions G-3?
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Engines 1 and 3 = 2.14
Engine 2 = 2.10 |
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What is the max takeoff EPR for Operating Conditions G-4?
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Engines 1 and 3 = 2.23
Engine 2 = 2.21 |
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What is the takeoff safety speed for Operating Conditions G-1?
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137 kts
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What are V1, Vr and V2 speeds for Operating Conditions G-3?
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134 kts
134 kts 145 kts |
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What are V1 and V2 speeds for Operating Conditions G-4?
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132 kts
146 kts |
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What are rotation and V2 bug speeds for Operating Conditions G-5?
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119 kts
135 kts |
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What is the STAB TRIM setting for Operating Conditions G-5?
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2 3/4 ANU
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What are the recommended IAS and EPR settings for holding under Operating Conditions H-4?
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216 kts
1.42 EPR |
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What is the approximate fuel consumed when holding under Operating Conditions H-4?
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3,190 lbs
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What are descent time and distance under Operating Conditions S-4?
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21 minutes
113 NAM |
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Which conditions will result in the shortest landing distance at a weight of 132,500 lbs?
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Dry runway using brakes and spoilers
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Which of the following configurations will result in the shortest landing distance over a 50 ft obstacle to a wet runway?
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Brakes, spoilers and reverse thrusters at 131,000 lbs gw
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How many feet will remain after landing on a 6,000 ft wet runway with reversers inoperative at 122,000 lbs gw?
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2,750 feet
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What is the transition distance when landing on an icy runway at a gw of 134,000 lbs?
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400 feet
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What is the landing distance on an icy runway with reversers inoperative at a landing weight of 125,000 lbs?
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5,800 feet
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How much will landing distance be reduced by using 15 degree flaps rather than 0 degree flaps at a landing weight of 119,000 lbs?
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800 feet
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What approach speed and landing distance will be needed when landing at a weight of 140,000 lbs with 15 degree flaps?
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138 kts
3,050 feet |
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What is the change of total drag for a 140,000 lb airplane when configuration is changed from flaps 30 degrees, gear down, to flaps 0 degrees, gear up, at a constant speed of 160 kts?
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13,500 lbs
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What thrust is required to maintain level flight at 110,000 lbs, with gear up, flaps 25 degrees, and an airspeed of 152 kts?
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14,500 lbs
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What effect does an uphill runway slope have upon takeoff performance?
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Increases takeoff distance
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Under which condition during the landing roll are the main wheel brakes at maximum effectiveness?
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When wing lift has been reduced
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What is a minimum glycol content Type 2 deicing/anti-icing fluid?
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50%
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Given the following conditions, what is the stab trim setting?
Flaps 15 degrees Weight 160,000 CG 24% |
5 1/2%
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Given the following conditions, what are the takeoff V speeds?
Weight 170,000 lb Flaps 15 degrees Field Pressure Altitude 5431 ft Runway slope 1% Temp 16 Degrees C / 10 kt HW / Dry |
V1 138 kts
VR 138 kts V2 141 kts |
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Given the following conditions, what is the maximum slush/standing water takeoff weight?
Dry field / obstacle limit 180,000 lbs Temp 30 C / Depth 0.5" / Elev 5431 ft Available field length 9,000 ft Maximum Reverse Thrust |
136,450 lbs
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Given the following, what is the takeoff field limit weight?
Pressure Altitude 14 ft OAT 38C / Slope 0% / 3 kt Tail / Blees ON Anti-ice OFF |
169,000 lbs
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Given the following, what is the takeoff climb limit?
OAT 30C Pressure Altitude 5431 ft / Flaps 15 Bleeds ON / Anti-ice OFF |
116,000 lbs
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Given the following, what is the maximum slush/standing water takeoff weight?
Dry field Obstacle limit wt 180,000 lbs Temp 30C / Depth 0.25" / Elev 5431 ft Available Field Length 9000 ft No reverse thrust |
139,850 lbs
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Given the following, what is the takeoff climb limit?
OAT 38C / Flaps 15 / PA 14' Bleeds ON Anti-ice OFF |
136,000 lbs
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What precaution, if any, should be taken if dry ice is carried aboard in aircraft?
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Proper ventilation of the aircraft should be assured
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How can turbulent air cause an increase in stalling speed of an airfoil?
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An abrupt change in relative wind
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What is the effect on total drag of an aircraft if the airspeed decreases in level flight below that speed for maximum L/D?
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Drag increases because of increase in induced drag
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What affects indicated stall speed?
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Weight, load factor, and power
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If an aircraft with a gw of 2,500 lbs were subjected to a total load of 7,000 lbs in flight, the load factor would be?
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2.5 Gs
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In a light, twin-engine airplane with one engine inoperative, when is it acceptable to allow the ball of a slip-skid indicator to be deflected outside the reference lines?
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When operating at any speed of VMC or greater with only enough deflection to zero the side slip
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What is the safest and most efficient takeoff and initial climb procedure in a light, twin-engine airplane? Accelerate to...
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An airspeed slightly above VMC, then lift off and climb at the best rate of climb airspeed
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What effect if any, does altitude have on VMC for an airplane with unsupercharged engines?
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Decreases with altitude
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Identify the type of stability if the aircraft attitude remains in the new position after the controls have been neutralized.
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Neutral longitudinal static stability
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If an engine failure occurs at an altitude above sing-engine ceiling, what airspeed should be maintained?
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VYSE
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What is the resulting performance loss when one engine on a twin engine airplane fails?
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Reduction of climb by 80-90 percent or more
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Under what condition is VMC the highest?
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CG is at the most rearward allowable position
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What effect does landing at high elevation airports have on groundspeed with comparable conditions relative to temperature, wind, and airplane weight?
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High than at low elevation
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What flight condition should be expected when an aircraft leaves ground effect?
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An increase in induced drag requiring a higher angle of attack
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What characteristic should exist if an airplane is loaded to the rear of its CG range?
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Unstable about the lateral axis
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What maximum range factor decreases as weight decreases?
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Airspeed
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By changing the angle of attack of a wing, the pilot can control the aircrafts...
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Lift
Airspeed Drag |
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Compared to dynamic hydroplaning, at what speed does viscous hydroplaning occur when landing on a smooth, wet runway?
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At a lower speed than dynamic hydroplaning
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What effect, if any, will landing at a higher than recommended touchdown speed have on hydroplaning?
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Increases hydroplaning potential regardless of braking
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