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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the lower atmosphere made of?
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Mostly Nitrogen and Oxygen
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What is atmosphere layers based on?
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Composition and Temperature
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What is ozone?
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Forms when UV rays hit Oxygen, protects us from harmful UV rays.
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What are the 4 layers of the Atmosphere
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Thermosphere
^mesopause Mesosphere ^stratopause Stratosphere ^tropopause Troposphere |
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What is radiation from the sun called?
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Insolation
(incoming solar radiation) |
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What are the 4 ways the suns energy moves in the atmosphere?
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-Radiation (waves)
-Conduction (contact) -Convection (circular currents) -Advection (transfer warm and cold air) |
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What is the greenhouse effect?
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Trapping of the suns energy by gasses in atmosphere (co2 & h2o vapour)
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What are causes of increased greenhouse gas?
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-Burning of fossil fuels (co2)
-CFC's nitrous oxide from industry -Methane from cows and gas |
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Pros and Cons for greenhouse effect:
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Pros:
-Warmer climate -Fresh water -New species Cons: -Flooding -Biological effects -No snowboarding |
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What are the 3 main types of clouds:
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Cirrus: thin, layered, high
Stratus: low, layered Cumulus: thick, puffy |
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What is a cloud called according to height?
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Ciro: high (7,000-13,000)
Alto: middle (2,000-7,000) Strato: low (500-2,000) |
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What is air pressure measured in?
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Millibars
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Why does air pressure change?
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Changes in temperature, and humidity
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What is wind?
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Air moving from high pressure to low pressure, resulted from uneven heating
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Difference between land and ocean breeze?
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Land- comes from land (day)
Ocean- comes from ocean (night) |
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What are the 5 oceans?
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-Pacific
-Atlantic -Indian -Arctic -Southern (Antarctic) |
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Define salinity:
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Measure of dissolved solids in sea water.
Average salinity is 35%o (parts per thousand) |
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Where does salinity increase and decrease?
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Increase- evaporation (Mediterranean sea, freezing polar ice)
Decrease- fresh water enters into the ocean |
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What are the three main elements are in sea water?
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-Chlorine (NaCl = salt)
-Sodium -Magnesium |
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What 2 regions are the ocean floor divided into?
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Continental margins and ocean basins
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Features of continental margins:
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Continental shelves, slopes, rises, and peaks
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What is a turbidity current?
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Underwater landslide
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Features of ocean basins:
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Valleys, plains, and volcanoes
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What is a sea mount?
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Old submerged volcanic mountains
Flat topped = guyot |
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What 7 things are currents caused by?
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-Wind -Water-Salt -Density -Coastlines -Moon -Spin of earth |
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Why are currents important?
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They move: Water, minerals, solar energy, gasses, and life
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What is the pattern of currents to and from Equator?
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Flowing from Equator = usually warm
Flowing to Equator = usually cold |
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What makes surface currents move?
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-Wind drags molecules along
-Spin (Coriolis effect) deflects wind and currents -Continent shape (go around = slower) |
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What makes deep water currents move?
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-Water temp (warm rises, cool falls)
-Density current (cold, dense h2o on sea floor) -Water salinity |
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What is upwelling?
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When cold nutrient-rich h2o moves to surface
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