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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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what are the behaviourist assumptions? |
1) behaviour is determined by stimuli presented by the environment which we respond to 2) we have a few simple innate reflexes, the more complex ones are learnt 3) the process of learning is universal |
determined by... few reflexes... process of... |
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how do behaviourists study behaviour? |
very scientific methods strict lab experimentation laws are universal and applied to all animals |
very... strict... laws... |
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additional features of classical conditioning |
one trial learning - single pairing, potentially fatal extinction and spontaneous recovery - cs with out ucs means cr faded, immediately reappears with pairing generalisation - stimuli similar have same response |
one... extinction... generalisation... |
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pavlov 1927 evaluation |
tightly controlled - in isolation, stimuli given outside room objective and quantitative - saliometer unethical - surgically implanted so couldn't swallow, died generalisation - human brain more complex |
isolation saliometer brain |
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Watson and rayner 1920 evaluation |
fear? - response disputed, could be boredom generalisation - may have had neurological problems, not 'typical' unethical - mother withdrew before de-conditioning |
bored divergent protection |
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additional features of operant conditioning |
behaviour shaping - simpler But related behaviours work up to main one schedules of reinforcement - continuous best for establishing, partial/variable best for maintainence and avoid extinction |
shapes and schedules |
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Skinner 1953 evaluation |
tightly controlled - isolated, no other stimuli generalisation - human brain more complex unethical - in some trials animals shocked |
control generalisation ethics |
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behaviourism evaluation |
practical applications - economic, flooding, SD, token economy (Higgins et al) nurture - Watson believed babies are 'blank slate' at birth shaped by environment environmentally determinist - ignores free will (skinner said it was an illusion) reductionist - ignores biological and I.M.P scientific credibility - focus on high control, studied observable behaviour |
practical... blank slate... Illusion... biology... credibility... |
