Approaches In Psychology

Front 1

What is psychology?

Back 1

The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those functions affecting behaviour.

Front 2

How was psychology seen is the 17th-19th century?

Back 2

A part of philosophy/experimental psychology.

Front 3

Who was Wilhelm Wundt and what did he do?

Back 3

He was the first named psychologist who opened the first psychology lab in Germany in 1879

Front 4

What did Wilhelm Wundt establish?

Back 4

Introspection

Front 5

Describe the psychodynamic approach.

Back 5

Influences on the unconscious mind such as dreams which are results of conflict within the mind.

Front 6

What is the behaviourist approach?

Back 6

The idea that we are born with no information at all and our behaviour is developed from observation and imitation.

Front 7

What is the humanistic approach.

Back 7

The idea that rejected behaviourist and psychodynamic psychologists, focussing instead on individual experiences.

Front 8

What is the cognitive approach?

Back 8

When computers were invented they were said to be a metaphor for the human mind, studying internal mental processes in a scientific way.

Front 9

What is the biological approach?

Back 9

Focussing on the brain and the biological processes introducing a more scientific approach.

Front 10

What is cognitive neuroscience?

Back 10

The bringing together of biological and cognitive approaches building computer models and investigating how biological structures influence mental health.

Front 11

What are the 5 features of a science?

Back 11

Control

Objectivity

Predictability

Falsifiability

Replication

Front 12

Explain falsifiability.

Back 12

Scientific theories should allow for hypothesis testing and have the ability to be proven false. Any theory that cannot be falsified isn’t scientific.

Front 13

Explain control.

Back 13

Science involves manipulating and measuring variables whilst holding all other variables constant in order to establish ‘causality’.

Front 14

Explain objectivity.

Back 14

Scientific researchers must keep a distance during research and not allow their personal opinion affect the data or influence the behaviour of participants.

Front 15

Explain predictability.

Back 15

Science allows statements to be made about future behaviour from research findings and theories. Expl

Front 16

Explain replication.

Back 16

Findings from research need to be repeatable across different contexts. Allows to see extent to which findings can be generalised.

Front 17

What is the scientific method?

Back 17

Observation

Theory

Hypothesis

Experiment

Hypothesis is true-repeat experiment

Hypothesis is false-modify theory

Report findings

Peer review

Front 18

What is empiricism?

Back 18

Earliest form of psychology and is the idea that knowledge comes from direct experience using senses, such as by observation. Humans are said to learn information in this way rather than by inheritance or instinct. This was to later form the basis of the behaviourist approach.

Front 19

What is introspection?

Back 19

Presenting a stimuli (visual image or sound) and asking participants to describe their experience of these out loud.

Front 20

What does introspection involve?

Back 20

Reporting present experience.