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34 Cards in this Set
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Describe the rule of Henry VIII |
Henry VIII wanted annulment from Catherine of Aragon because she couldn't have a boy (gave birth to Mary). Denounces Catholic Church and forms Anglican Church where divorce is legal. Marries Anne Boelyn (Elizabeth), who is executed b/c she cannot birth a boy. Marries Jane Seymour who gives birth to Edward, who dies at 15. |
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What were the effects of Henry VIII kicking the Catholic Church out of England? |
Catholic land was sold to fund war or given to nobles for support. The nobles rose against Henry, realizing his mistake in angering the Church and subsequently Spain. |
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Describe the rule of Mary |
Mary, being born of a Spanish mother, was loyal to the Catholic faith and wished to rebuild the Church in England, but the new Anglican Church was already cemented. She marries Philip II of Spain. Her denouncement of Protestants created martyrs, ultimately leading to her death. |
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Describe the rule of Elizabeth |
Comes to power after death of Mary. Is Protestant. Mary of Scots seeks help from her to retake Scotland, but really for the Catholic Mary of Scots to take the mass of Britain. Elizabeth removes Mary of Scots, angering Spain and the Church. The Pope calls for the murder of Elizabeth. Mary of Scots in eventually executed for plotting with Spain and the Church. Elizabeth becomes known as the Virgin Queen because she does not want to marry and give her power to a man. |
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What was the Elizabethan Compromise? |
Enacted by Protestant Elizabeth of England. Stated that the Church of England was reformed Catholic and that it was OK to be Catholic in England, helping her make peace with the Church and Spain. |
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Who were the Sea Dogs? |
Privateers employed by England to take New World riches (gold) from Spanish ships. They were not technically English so England would not be blamed for aggression against Spain. |
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Who were notable Sea Dogs? |
Sir Walter Raleigh (close relationship with Elizabeth, Roanoke), John Hawkins, and Sir Francis Drake (seen as biggest threat by Philip of Spain) |
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What was the Spanish Armada? |
An amass of Spanish ships in attempt to defeat England. |
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What was the result of the Spanish/English War? |
England was victorious, using agile Sea Dogs to defeat the Spanish Armada. A massive storm aided England as well. |
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What was England's first attempt at colonization? |
Ireland, which was not successfu(Catholic stronghold) |
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What is a charter? |
A document authorizing the formation of a colony, enacted by English rulers that outlines the organization and rights given to colonists. |
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Describe the colony of Roanoke |
1585, first English colony in New World. Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh and the Virginia Company (joint-stock company). Its in unsuccessful, and another attempt is made 2 years later. Raleigh goes for supplies in England is delayed. Finds the colony empty when he arrives. Croatoan is carved into a tree. |
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Describe the colony of Jamestown |
1607, founded by a joint-stock company for profit. Founded by "gentlemen" only concerned with gold, leads to lacking of survival needs. Captain John Smith takes control. Issues with Powhatan, local Indian tribe. John Smith marries Pochohantas, who teaches farming and facilitates trade with the Indians. John Rolfe saves Jamestown with tobacco from the Caribbean. Takes Pochohantas to England, who dies from disease. |
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What was the House of Burgesses? |
The first governing body in the English colonies (Virginia). This is the first instance of elected officials (were the "upper-crust"). They were formed because of the distance from England. |
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Describe the colony of Plymouth |
Founded by Sepratists who thought the Anglican Church was too Catholic. Originally planned for Holland, but did not want to be Dutch. Sailed to Massachusetts Bay on Mayflower hoping to build MODEL MORAL COMMUNITY. Write Mayflower Compact. Saved by Squanto who teaches farming and translates local Wampanog Indians. Chief is Massasoit. Begins Thanksgiving |
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Describe the Massachusetts Bay colony |
Founded by Puritans (wish to purify Church from Catholic influences). Founded by John Winthrop. No separation of church and state. Formed General Court: a political body based on religion. Highly fundamentalist. |
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Describe two major "dissenters" expelled from the Massachusetts Bay colony |
Roger Williams - believed in separation of church and state, religious tolerance, freedom of religion, believed Indians had the right to the land, founded the colony of Rhode Island from Narraganset Indians.
Anne Hutchinson - had religious meetings, wanted to form own church, had gift of discernment (knowing true word of god), separation of church and state, spoke against Indian prejudice, threat to male leadership, went to from Portsmouth (New Hampshire) |
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What event was happening in England at this time? |
The Enlightenment, or "Age of Reason" |
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Describe the colony of Connecticut |
Founded by Thomas Hooker, who was kicked out of Massachusetts. |
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What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?` |
The first constitution written in style of the New World (specificly defined), all free men allowed to vote, stated importance of community over individual, national security > individual rights |
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Describe the colony of Maryland |
Founded by Calvert Lord Baltimore for Catholic sanctuary, though was still majorly Protestant. Made Toleration Acts, requiring religious tolerance of all Christians, though had to believe in holy trinity. First colony to mandate education. First colony to limit hate speech |
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What was King Philip's War? |
The war between colonists and Indians, led pushing of Indians westward and less colonial problems with them. |
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Describe the colony on Pennsylvania |
Founded by William Penn. Quaker. Known as "holy experiment". Also known for Amish/Menonite. |
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What did Quakers believe in? |
society of friends, pacifism, equality of all men, no church heirarchy, anti-slavery, religious tolerance, separation of church and state |
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Describe the colony of Georgia |
Founded by James Oglethorpe. Buffer zone with Spanish in Florida, asylum for English debtors, main exports of cotton, sugarcane, and rice |
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What is a cash crop? |
A crop grown for profit, not sustinance |
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What is sustinance farming? |
Farming for your own food |
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What is an indentured servant? |
A worked pledged to someone who paid for their passage to the New World, released after a certain time. |
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Describe the colony of Virginia |
first colony to have slaves, slaves initially treated as indentured servants, converted to chattel slavery, heridritary slavery. |
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What were the slave codes? |
limits to the rights of slaves, established free vs slave, count not learn to read/write |
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What was the middle passage? |
the passage from Africa to the New World |
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Who were the economic builders of the British Colonies? |
capitalists (has money to invest), and entrepeneurs (idea that needs money) |
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Describe Mercantilism |
-economic strategy of major nations -as much gold as possible -money=power -export more than import -strive for self-sufficieny of resources -colonies lead to this -source of goods/natural resources -market for goods -colonies are established for parent country's benefit
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What were the Navigation Acts? |
-strict trade laws that regulate Colonial Trade -foreign merchants forbidden -all goods had to go through England (navy) -enumerated goods: only sold to england -provided automatic market for colonial goods -triangular trade -colonies begin to ignore England -leads to salutary neglect (England is better off neglecting their violations) |
