Ap Us History Chapter 11

Front 1

The Franchise-

Back 1

The right to vote

Front 2

Social egalitarianism-

Back 2

Idea that people in America were equal in worth and ability to affect politics

Front 3

Political “machines”-

Back 3

Professionally run political party organizations dedicated to winning elections and promoting their candidates. Many machines were very powerful in cities and states and determined not only who won election but who got gov’t jobs and gov’t contracts and were therefore very powerful

Front 4

Martin Van Buren-

Back 4

“The Little Magician” who created the political machine in NY called The Albany Regency. He also founded the political party called the Jacksonian Democrats

Front 5

Patronage-

Back 5

Idea of giving gov’t jobs & contracts to loyal supporters of your political party and its machine

Front 6

Caucus-

Back 6

Party meetings where all politicians in a political party were instructed on how to vote

Front 7

Election of 1824-

Back 7

Close election eventually decided in the House of Representatives where Democratic-Republican John Quincy Adams won

Front 8

America System-

Back 8

KY rep and 1824 Presidential candidate Henry Clay’s idea that the US should improve transportation to promote industry

Front 9

Tariff of 1816-

Back 9

Raised taxes on imported British cotton cloth to promote New England cotton mills

Front 10

Tariff of 1824-

Back 10

35% tax on imported British goods including cotton, wool and iron goods

Front 11

Tariff of 1828-

Back 11

Raised taxes on raw British materials and manufactured goods

Front 12

“Tariff of Abominations”-

Back 12

Southern term for Tariff of 1828 which helped NE businesses but raised prices and cost Southern planters $100 million a year in trade with Britain

Front 13

Election of 1828-

Back 13

President J.Q.Adams “stands” rather than “runs” and Democratic TN senator Andrew Jackson, with the help of Albany Regency political machine leader and NY senator Van Buren, wins

Front 14

Kitchen Cabinet-

Back 14

President Jackson’s informal group of advisors which included Roger Taney and Van Buren

Front 15

Spoils System-

Back 15

President Jackson’s policy of giving friends and supporters gov’t jobs and contracts

Front 16

Ordinance of Nullification-

Back 16

1832 SC law that declared the Tariffs of 1828 & 1832 “null and void” in SC

Front 17

Nullification-

Back 17

Idea that a state has the right to nullify a federal law

Front 18

John C. Calhoun-

Back 18

Jackson’s VP & anonymous author of pro-nullification tract The SC Exposition and Protest which was based on Jefferson and Madison’s KY and VA Resolutions of 1798 which argued states could nullify federal laws

Front 19

Force Bill of 1833-

Back 19

President Jackson’s response to SC’s Ordinance of Nullification to force SC to collect tariffs

Front 20

Specie-

Back 20

Gold or silver “hard” money used to redeem paper money issued by banks

Front 21

Nicholas Biddle-

Back 21

President of Second Bank of the US whose arrogance helped to make the bank unpopular and when he requested an early recharter of the bank was rebuked by Jackson who said a national bank was unconstitutional

Front 22

Roger Taney-

Back 22

Jackson advisor who became Sec of Treasury and withdrew US money out of Second Bank of US. Appointed Chief Justice of the Sup Court by Jackson in 1835

Front 23

“Pet Banks”-

Back 23

State banks where Sec of Treasury Taney put US money after withdrawing it from Second Bank

Front 24

The “Bank War”-

Back 24

Term for Jackson’s was against Second Bank whose charter Jackson did not renew in 1836

Front 25

Five Civilized Tribes-

Back 25

Old Southwest tribes led by the Cherokees

Front 26

Indian Removal Act of 1830-

Back 26

President Jackson’s bill to remove Native Americans in the Old SW to reservations

Front 27

Bad Axe Massacre-

Back 27

1832 massacre of Sauk and Fox Indians who’d refused to leave ancestral lands

Front 28

Worcestor v. Georgia (1832)-

Back 28

Cherokees fighting removal win in Marshall Supreme Court which rules they are a “distinct political” community and have rights to their land. President Jackson removed Cherokees anyway saying, “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it.”

Front 29

Trail of Tears-

Back 29

1838 removal of Cherokees by President Van Buren where 3,000 Indians died

Front 30

Seminoles-

Back 30

Indians of FL who were the last to be removed from the Eastern US after guerilla war in the 1840s

Front 31

Mayor of NY v. Miln (1837)-

Back 31

Taney Supreme Court decision that gave NY the right to use its “police powers” to inspect the health of immigrants and enhanced the regulatory role of the state

Front 32

Briscoe v. Bank of KY (1837)-

Back 32

Taney Supreme Court decision that restored the right to issue currency to states

Front 33

Whigs-

Back 33

Political party formed in Congress in 1834 to oppose President Jackson’s “kinglike” actions. They took their name from the anti-British monarchy party in England before the American Revolution

Front 34

Second Party System-

Back 34

From mid-1830s to mid-1850s when two new political parties (the Whigs and the Democrats) dominated. The First Party System pitted the Federalists against the Republicans.

Front 35

“King Andrew I”-

Back 35

Whig nickname for President Jackson

Front 36

Anti-Masons-

Back 36

Political movement of the late 1820s opposed to “secret societies” like the Masons which they feared ran things behind the scenes. It lasted only a few years.

Front 37

Election of 1836-

Back 37

Jackson’s VP and democratic candidate Van Buren barely beats Whig candidates

Front 38

Working Men’s Parties-

Back 38

Popular in the 1830s and 1840s, they fought for better wages, no private banks, tax-supported schools, and taxes on wealth

Front 39

Artisan Republicanism-

Back 39

Idea that society should have no dependent wage-earners, rather “independent proprietors”

Front 40

Blacklist-

Back 40

List of people who were barred from working for pro-labor agitation

Front 41

Closed-Shop Agreements-

Back 41

Agreements between owners and labor that only union members would be hired

Front 42

Panic of 1837-

Back 42

Begun when British banks curtailed credit to US so US debtors had to withdraw specie from US banks and US banks (beginning with the Dry Dock Bank of NY City) went bankrupt

Front 43

Preemption Act of 1841-

Back 43

Whig President Tyler (after Harrison died of pneumonia after one month in office) allows settlers with no cash to claim land and later paying for it