Ap Us History

Front 1

Republican Party Support

Back 1

Midwest/Northeast. Want gov’t to play role in economic and moral regulation. Many from GAR

Front 2

Democratic Party Support

Back 2

South/northern industry cities. Immigrant Lutherans and RomCaths; want tolerance of differences. Against govt imposing one moral on everyone.

Front 3

GAR

Back 3

Grand Army of the Republic. Many Republicans. Politically active Union vets.

Front 4

Patronage

Back 4

giving jobs in return for votes, kickbacks and party service.

Front 5

Election of 1876

Back 5

: Repubs chose Hayes, Dems chose Tilden. Tilden won pop vote but 1 vote shy of Electoral College (3 unclear states, LA SC FL).

Front 6

Electoral Count Act

Back 6

15 men from Senate(R), House(D), & Court(R). Gave pres to Hayes.

Front 7

Compromise of 1877

Back 7

: Dems outraged but agreed to let Hayes in if withdrawal of fed. troops in LA and SC.

Front 8

End of Reconstruction

Back 8

: Repubs abandoned racial equality plank. Civil Rights Act “unconstitutional,” and troops withdrawn; suppression of black votes.

Front 9

Crop-Lien System

Back 9

: small farmers who rented out land from the plantation owners were kept in perpetual debt and forced to continue to work for the owners.

Front 10

Plessy v. Fergeson

Back 10

1896, separate but equal laws constitutional under 14th a.

Front 11

Railroad Strike

Back 11

after panic of 1873, RR wages cut by Hayes, causing strike. It failed, showing weak labor movement.

Front 12

“Not a Chinaman’s chance”

Back 12

described daunting odds against Chinese

Front 13

Denis Kearney:

Back 13

Irish citer of violence towards Chinese.

Front 14

Coolies

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Chinese

Front 15

Anti-Chinese legislation and the noble Hayes

Back 15

1879 Senate pass bill limiting Chinese immigration. Hayes vetoed it because it violated existing treaty w/ China. Political suicide.

Front 16

Chinese Exclusion Act

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1882, Chinese immigration halted

Front 17

Charles Guiteau

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Assassinated Pres. Garfield in 1881. Insane office seeker, identified as a Stalwart.

Front 18

Pendleton Act

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1883, Magna Carta of civil-service reform. Prohibited financial assessments on jobholders, established merit system, set up Civil Service Commission which examined “classified” jobs.

Front 19

Mugwumps

Back 19

Republicans who could not support Blaine in 1884 election, jumped to Democrats.

Front 20

Campaign of 1884

Back 20

gross campaign focused on personalities instead of politics

Front 21

“RRR”

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Rum, Romanism, Rebellion. What a Republican called Democrats during a speech, Blaine did not immediately condemn

Front 22

Election of 1884

Back 22

Cleveland swept South and barely won electoral votes.

Front 23

Cleveland and the tariff issue

Back 23

tariffs had been jacked up during Civil War but never lowered. Controversial issue that Cleveland decided to poke

Front 24

Election of 1888

Back 24

Dems sadly nom Cleveland, Repubs nom Harrison. Harrison wins.

Front 25

Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, and Harrison:

Back 25

forgettable presidents

Front 26

“Ghost towns”

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towns that were bypassed by railroads disappeared

Front 27

Union Pacific Railroad

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commissioned by Congress to go west.

Front 28

Paddies

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Irish railroad workers

Front 29

Problems with laying railroads

Back 29

back-breaking work, Indian attacks

Front 30

Central Pacific Railroad

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California railroad company commissioned by Congress to meet Union Railroad in the middle. Chinese workers

Front 31

1869

Back 31

meeting of the two railroads.

Front 32

James Hill

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Built The Great Northern railroad. "Prosperity of RR depends on prosperity of area it served."

Front 33

Cornelius Vanderbilt

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Railroad mogul of New York Central network. Founded Vanderbilt University.

Front 34

Pullman cars

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“gorgeous traveling hotels.”

Front 35

Time zones

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time was different in every town. RR’s, to keep on schedule, adopted 4 time zones.

Front 36

“stock watering”

Back 36

grossly inflated railroad claims of an asset, thus profiting far in excess.

Front 37

Pool

Back 37

an agreement between RRs to divided business btwn an area and share the profits

Front 38

Grange

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organized agrarian group (Patrons of Husbandry) which pressured Midwest to legislate RR regulation

Front 39

Interstate Commerce Act

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1887, Congress. Prohibited rebates and pools, required RRs to publish rates openly. Forbade discrimination against shippers. Set up ICC.

Front 40

ICC

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Interstate Commerce Commission , administer and enforce new legislation of ICA

Front 41

Mesabi Range

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area with rich iron ore deposits in the 1890s.

Front 42

New machines for business operation

Back 42

cash register, stock ticker, typewriter, refrigerator car, electric dynamo, electric railway.

Front 43

John D. Rockefeller:

Back 43

oil baron. Horizontal integration. Trusts.

Front 44

J.P. Morgan

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banker; "interlocking directorates"

Front 45

Trust

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stockholders of smaller oil companies than Rockefeller assigned their stock to board of directors of Standard Oil Company. Consolidated previous competition.

Front 46

Standard Oil Company

Back 46

founded in 1870, eventually cornered almost entire world oil market

Front 47

Bessemer Process

Back 47

method of making cheap steel

Front 48

US Steel

Back 48

Morgan expanded his industrial empire and created the United States Steel Corporation in 1901. It was America's first billion-dollar corporation.

Front 49

Titusville 1859

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town in Pennsylvania where oil was discovered

Front 50

Drake’s Folly:

Back 50

After initial difficulty locating the necessary parts to build the well, which resulted in his well being nicknamed "Drake's Folly," Drake proved successful.

Front 51

Rockefeller’s 95%

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by 1877, Rockefeller controlled 95% of all oil refineries in US

Front 52

“Gospel of Wealth”

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The wealthy proclaimed that they were justified by God to have so much wealth. They claimed that God gave them their money or they were a product of natural selection.

Front 53

Sherman Anti-Trust

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1890, forbade trusts. Ineffective because it contained loopholes.

Front 54

Southern industry

Back 54

South produced less of nation’s manufactured goods, until machine-made cigarettes.

Front 55

James Duke

Back 55

formed American Tobacco Company in 1890

Front 56

Gibson Girl

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magazine image of an independent and athletic new woman

Front 57

Ironclad oaths

Back 57

solemn agreements not to join a union

Front 58

Yellowdog contract

Back 58

solemn agreements not to join a union

Front 59

Black list

Back 59

list of agitators that circulated among employers