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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hindsight bias
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tendency to believe that one would hav known it after the results are shown; seems like common sense
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theory
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explanation using set of principles to oranize/predict observations
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hypothesis
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testable prediction
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replicateed
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the experiment can be repeated and would yield constant results
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case study
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research method where one person is studied in depth to find universal principles (things that apply to all)
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survey
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research method to get the self-reported attitudes/behaviours of people
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false consensus effect
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tendency to overestimate other's agreement with us (ex: vegetarians believe larger amount of pop. is vegetarian than meat-eaters----wtf?)
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naturalistic observation
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observing and recording behaviour in natural settings without any control on situation
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correlation
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the way 2 factors vary together and how well one predicts the other
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positive correlation
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direct relationship where factors increase or decrease together
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negative correlation
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inverse relationship where one factor goes up while one goes down
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phrenology
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false theory where bumps on head dictate personality and intelligence (but theory directed out attention to brain region and function)
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neurons
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nerve cells
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dendrites
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message receiving fibers
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axons
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message sending fibers insulated by myelin sheath
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myelin sheath
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fatty cells that help speed up impulses and insulate axons
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threshold
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intensity of stimulus
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all-or-nothing principle
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the neuron either fires or it doesn't
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synapse (or synaptic cleft)
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tiny gap between sending neuron and receiving neuron
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neurotransmitters
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chemical messengers; they bind onto specific receptor sites on the receiving neuron
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acetylcholine (ACh)
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neurotransmitter that causes muscles to contract in movement
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endorphins
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natural opiates produced in body to control pain and induce pleasure ("morphine within")
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agonists
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molecules which mimic the shape of natural neurotransmitters (morphine)
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antagonists
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molecules which block neurotranmitters from binding on receptor sites
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The Nervous System is composed of ______ ______ ______ and ______ ______ ______.
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Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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links CNS to body's muscles and glands by means of nerves which are bundles of sensory and motor neurons
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sensory and motor neurons
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carry incoming and outgoing information respectively
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Autonomic Nervous System
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made up of Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Sympathetic Nervous System
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arouses body for defense (increases heartbeat, dilating pupils, inhibit digestions, etc.)
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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calms body after stress
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reflex
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automatic response to stimuli involving messages from sensory to interneuron (spinal cord) to morot neuron
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Endocrine System
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slow hormone secreting system; communicates by releasing hormones into bloodstream
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Adrenal glands
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release epinephrine and norepinephrine hormones (also called adrenaline and noradrenaline)
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Pituitary gland
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most powerful endocrine gland; under infulence of hypothalamus; releases hormones regulating glands and growth
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lesions
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remove brain tissue
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Electroencephalogram (EEG)
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measures brain electric activity
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Computed Tomograph (CT or CAT Scan)
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taking x-ray photographs of brain
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Positron Emission Tomograph (PET Scan)
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detects radioactive glucose consumption in brain
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Madnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
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generates brain images from magnetic activity
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