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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The reaction A + B + energy --> AB is a(n) __________.
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anabolic reaction
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ATP production by direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphate-containing molecule to ADP is called __________.
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substrate-level phosphorylation
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ATP hydrolysis would yield all of the following, EXCEPT __________. |
adenosine |
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The sum of all biochemical reactions that take place in the human body at any given time is called __________. |
metabolism |
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A substance that is oxidized __________. |
loses electrons |
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When a substance or molecule is reduced it __________. |
gains electrons |
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The breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose in the body is classified as: |
catabolism. |
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Which of the following is NOT a nutrient monomer used by the body to generate ATP? |
nucleic acids |
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Protein catabolism results in: |
amino acids. |
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What do endergonic reactions require? |
energy |
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Substances that lose electrons are said to be: |
oxidized. |
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Electron transfer reactions are termed oxidation-________ reactions. |
reduction |
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Select the correct sequence of steps as energy is extracted from glucose during cellular respiration. |
glycolysis → acetyl CoA → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain |
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What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration? |
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy
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Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? |
glycolysis |
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In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? |
mitochondrion |
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Which statement describes glycolysis? |
This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. |
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Which statement describes the citric acid cycle? |
This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. |
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Which statement describes the electron transport chain? |
This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. |
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Which statement describes the electron transport chain? |
This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. |
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Complete the formula for glucose catabolism (cell reparation): C6H12O6 + ___ --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + _____+ heat |
6O2; 38 ATP |
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The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is __________. |
oxygen |
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__________ ATP molecules are produced via the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. |
34 |
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In glycolysis, glucose is split into two __________. |
pyruvates |
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The molecule that acts as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is __________ |
oxygen |
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What is NOT required for glycolysis to occur? |
mitochondrion |
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Carbon dioxide results from the loss of carbons during: |
the citric acid cycle. |
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If NADH and FADH2 fail to be oxidized as part of the electron transport chain (ETC), what is affected? |
the electromotive force required to drive the electron transport chain (ETC) |
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If oxygen was NOT available as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which cellular respiration product could not be made? |
water |
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What is required for glucose catabolism to proceed beyond glycolysis? |
oxygen |
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How many ATP molecules are made when one glucose molecule is completely oxidized? |
38 |
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Which of the following is a waste product from amino acid catabolism? |
urea |
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Ammonia is a byproduct from __________. |
deamination |
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Julia has diabetes mellitus and is experiencing ketoacidosis. What does her body use to generate ATP? |
fatty acids |
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What type of organic molecule must undergo transamination prior to being used for ATP synthesis? |
amino acids |
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Under normal conditions, where should we expect to see most urea? |
urine |
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Excess amino acids are __________. |
converted to glucose and fatty acids |
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Excess dietary proteins may become all of the following EXCEPT: |
glycerol. |
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You would expect leptin deficient mice to be __________. |
obese and overeating |
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A series of reactions in the cytosol that split glucose |
glycolysis |
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The process that stores excess glucose in skeletal muscle and hepatocytes |
glycogenesis |
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The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate molecules such as glycerol or certain amino acids |
gluconeogenesis |
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The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose molecules |
glycogenolysis |
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A pancreatic hormone that is released in response to a decreasing blood glucose concentration |
glucagon |
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What hormone suppresses the appetite? |
leptin |
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The metabolic rate will increase __________. |
with increased muscle mass |
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Which of the following body temperatures is recognized as hypothermia? |
below 32 °C (89.6 °F) |
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Molecules that can only be obtained from the diet are called __________. |
essential nutrients |
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Current USDA guidelines for a healthy diet are called __________. |
MyPlate
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A patient with a BMI of 20 will be classified as __________. |
normal weight |
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Which of the following is a dietary source for lipids? |
eggs |
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Recommended daily intake of Calories for this category consists of about 45—65% of the diet |
carbohydrates |
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Amino acids make up this group |
proteins |
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Classified as fat-soluble or water-soluble |
vitamins |
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Dietary sources include butter, cream, cheese, and plant oils |
lipids |
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Any element other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen that is required by living organisms |
minerals |
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Essential nutrients: |
are only obtained through the diet. |
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Which of the following food sources is a poor source of minerals? |
high-fat foods |
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Select the two factors upon which body mass index depends. |
height and weight |
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What percentage of the total Caloric intake should be saturated fats? |
no greater than 10% |
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Recommended daily intake of carbohydrates should mostly come from: |
polysaccharides. |